MySQL 9.1 Release Notes
MySQL supports FIPS mode when a supported OpenSSL library and FIPS Object Module are available on the host system.
FIPS mode on the server side applies to cryptographic operations performed by the server. This includes replication (source/replica and Group Replication) and X Plugin, which run within the server. FIPS mode also applies to attempts by clients to connect to the server.
The following sections describe FIPS mode and how to take advantage of it within MySQL:
Federal Information Processing Standards 140-2 (FIPS 140-2) describes a security standard that can be required by Federal (US Government) agencies for cryptographic modules used to protect sensitive or valuable information. To be considered acceptable for such Federal use, a cryptographic module must be certified for FIPS 140-2. If a system intended to protect sensitive data lacks the proper FIPS 140-2 certificate, Federal agencies cannot purchase it.
Products such as OpenSSL can be used in FIPS mode, although the OpenSSL library itself is not validated for FIPS. Instead, the OpenSSL library is used with the OpenSSL FIPS Object Module to enable OpenSSL-based applications to operate in FIPS mode.
For general information about FIPS and its implementation in OpenSSL, these references may be helpful:
Important
FIPS mode imposes conditions on cryptographic operations such as restrictions on acceptable encryption algorithms or requirements for longer key lengths. For OpenSSL, the exact FIPS behavior depends on the OpenSSL version.
For MySQL to support FIPS mode, these system requirements must be satisfied:
MySQL must be compiled with an OpenSSL version that is certified for use with FIPS. OpenSSL 1.0.2 and OpenSSL 3.0 are certified, but OpenSSL 1.1.1 is not. Binary distributions for recent versions of MySQL are compiled using OpenSSL 3.0 on some platforms, which means they are not certified for FIPS. This means you have the following options, depending on system and MySQL configuration:
Use a system that has OpenSSL 3.0 and the required FIPS object module. In this case, you can enable FIPS mode for MySQL if you use a binary distribution compiled using OpenSSL 3.0, or compile MySQL from source using OpenSSL 3.0.
For general information about upgrading to OpenSSL 3.0, see OpenSSL 3.0 Migration Guide.
Use a system that has OpenSSL 1.1.1 or higher. In this case, you can install MySQL using binary packages, and you can use the TLS v1.3 protocol and ciphersuites, in addition to other already supported TLS protocols. However, you cannot enable FIPS mode for MySQL.
Use a system that has OpenSSL 1.0.2 and the required FIPS Object Module. In this case, you can enable FIPS mode for MySQL if you use a binary distribution compiled using OpenSSL 1.0.2, or compile MySQL from source using OpenSSL 1.0.2. In this case, you cannot use the TLS v1.3 protocol or ciphersuites, which require OpenSSL 1.1.1 or 3.0. In addition, you should be aware that OpenSSL 1.0.2 reached end of life status in 2019, and that all operating platforms embedding OpenSSL 1.1.1 reach their end of life in 2024.
At runtime, the OpenSSL library and OpenSSL FIPS Object Module must be available as shared (dynamically linked) objects.
To determine whether MySQL is running on a system with FIPS mode
enabled, check the value of the
ssl_fips_mode server system
variable using an SQL statement such as
SHOW VARIABLES
LIKE '%fips%' or
SELECT
@@ssl_fips_mode. If the value of this variable is 1
(ON) or 2 (STRICT), FIPS
mode is enabled for OpenSSL; if it is 0
(OFF), FIPS mode is not available.
Important
In general, STRICT imposes more
restrictions than ON, but MySQL itself has
no FIPS-specific code other than to specify the FIPS mode
value to OpenSSL. The exact behavior of FIPS mode for
ON or STRICT depends on
the OpenSSL version. For details, refer to the
fips_module manpage (see
FIPS Overview).
FIPS mode on the server side applies to cryptographic operations performed by the server, including those performed by MySQL Replication (including Group Replication) and X Plugin, which run within the server.
FIPS mode also applies to attempts by clients to connect to the
server. When enabled, on either the client or server side, it
restricts which of the supported encryption ciphers can be
chosen. However, enabling FIPS mode does not require that an
encrypted connection must be used, or that user credentials must
be encrypted. For example, if FIPS mode is enabled, stronger
cryptographic algorithms are required. In particular, MD5 is
restricted, so trying to establish an encrypted connection using
an encryption cipher such as RC4-MD5 does not
work. But there is nothing about FIPS mode that prevents
establishing an unencrypted connection. (To do that, you can use
the REQUIRE clause for
CREATE USER or
ALTER USER for specific user
accounts, or set the
require_secure_transport system
variable to affect all accounts.)
If FIPS mode is required, it is recommended to use an operating platforms that includes it; if it does, you can (and should) use it. If your platform does not include FIPS, you have two options:
Migrate to a platform which has FIPS OpenSSL support.
Build the OpenSSL library and FIPS object module from source, using the instructions from the
fips_modulemanpage (see FIPS Overview).
Note
If the OpenSSL FIPS Object Module is not available, the only
permitted value for
ssl_fips_mode and
--ssl-fips-mode is
OFF. An error occurs for attempts to set
the FIPS mode to a different value.
If FIPS mode is required, it is recommended to use an operating platform that includes it; if it does, you can (and should) use it. If your platform does not include FIPS, you have two options:
Migrate to a platform which has FIPS OpenSSL support.
Build the OpenSSL library and FIPS object module from source, using the instructions from the
fips_modulemanpage (see FIPS Overview).