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4.3.9.2 Use URI to Create External Tables Manually

As of MySQL 9.3.1, and only on MySQL HeatWave on OCI, you can use uniform resource identifiers (URI) to specify files for loading data when creating external tables manually. Review the following examples for different ways to create external tables.

This topic contains the following sections:

Before You Begin

  • To use URIs, you require the same privileges to use pre-authenticated requests and resource prinicipals.

  • Create the external tables that will ingest the loaded data by either using SQL syntax or JSON syntax.

  • Review how to Create an External Table Manually.

Types of URIs

There are three types of URIs supported: OCIFS, pre-authenticated request (PAR), and Native URI, and you can specify a name of a file as your source in Object Storage, or a prefix, or a pattern.

When you define the object_path of a URI, the name, prefix, or glob pattern is inferred by the following.

  • Name: If the object_path is neither a glob pattern nor prefix.

  • Prefix: If the object_path is not a glob pattern and ends with an unencoded / character, such as a folder path.

  • Glob pattern: If the object_path contains at least one of the following unencoded characters: ?, *, or [. To use these characters as literals, you need to escape them or encode them as needed depending on the URI syntax. Regex patterns are not supported. See Glob Patterns from the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Documentation to learn more.

URI Parameters

Depending on the type of URI you use, you need to ensure that the following parameters are present in the URI.

  • bucket_name: Buckets allow you to store objects in a compartment. This parameter is needed for all three types of URIs. To learn more about buckets, see Object Storage Buckets in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Documentation.

  • namespace_name: This is the top-level container for all buckets and objects. This parameter is needed for all three types of URIs. To learn how to view your namespace, see Object Storage Namespaces in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Documentation.

  • region_name: The region identifier for your OCI tenancy. This parameter is needed for PAR URI and Native URI. For OCIFS URI, it is set to the region of the instance running Lakehouse. To view the list of available regions and region identifiers, see Regions and Availability Domains in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Documentation.

Note

If you are on MySQL 9.1.2 and earlier, you need to update dialect with the field delimiter and record delimiter parameters. As of MySQL 9.2.0, MySQL HeatWave Lakehouse can automatically detect these values. See Lakehouse External Table Syntax to learn more.

To review all syntax options for loading external files, see Lakehouse External Table Syntax.

OCIFS URI Examples

The format of an OCIFS URI is the following: 

oci://bucket_name@namespace_name/object_path

The object_path in an OCIFS URI cannot be empty. It also does not have a region parameter. The instance's associated region is used as the default region. See OCIFS Documentation to learn more about OCIFS and its specifications.

The following examples specify a single file as a name since the object_path is not a glob pattern or prefix. The example uses the data_file_1.csv file to load the external table.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'oci://mybucket@mynamespace/data_files/data_file_1.csv');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "oci://mybucket@mynamespace/data_files/data_file_1.csv"}]}';

In the following examples the object_path is encoded, so it is treated as a name instead of a prefix. The original file name is data_file_[1].csv.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'oci://mybucket@mynamespace/data_files/data_file_%5B1%5D.csv');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "oci://mybucket@mynamespace/data_files/data_file_%5B1%5D.csv"}]}';

The following examples specify files as a prefix because the object_path ends with a / character and does not contain any of the following characters: *, ?, or [. The examples use all files in the data_files/ Object Storage folder.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'oci://mybucket@mynamespace/data_files/');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "oci://mybucket@mynamespace/data_files/"}]}';

The following examples use a glob pattern and specify two files, data_file_1.csv and data_file_2.csv, to load the external table. The object_path is a pattern because it has a [ character.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'oci://mybucket@mynamespace/data_files/data_file_[1-2].csv');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "oci://mybucket@mynamespace/data_files/data_file_[1-2].csv"}]}';

The following examples use a glob pattern because they have an unencoded * character. The examples specify all CSV files that start with data_file_ to load the external table. For example, they use the files data_file_1.csv, data_file_2.csv, and data_file_3.csv.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'oci://mybucket@mynamespace/data_files/data_file_*.csv');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "oci://mybucket@mynamespace/data_files/data_file_*.csv"}]}';

The following examples use a glob pattern because they have an unencoded ? character. The examples specify all CSV files that start with data_file_ and have any single character followed by 0 to load the external table. For example, they use the files data_file_10.csv, data_file_20.csv, and data_file_30.csv.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'oci://mybucket@mynamespace/data_files/data_file_?0.csv');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "oci://mybucket@mynamespace/data_files/data_file_?0.csv"}]}';
PAR URI Examples

The format of a PAR URI is the following if using dedicated endpoints: 

https://namespace_name.objectstorage.region_name.oci.customer-oci.com/p/PAR_token/n/namespace_name/b/bucket_name/o/object_path

The format of a PAR URI can also be the following: 

https://objectstorage.region_name.oraclecloud.com/p/PAR_token/n/namespace_name/b/bucket_name/o/object_path

The object_path in a PAR URI can be empty. If the object_path is empty, the PAR URI is treated as a PAR with no additional pattern, prefix, or name target.

For more information about pre-authenticated requests, see Object Storage Pre-Authenticated Requests in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Documentation.

The following examples specify a single file as a name since the object_path is not a glob pattern or prefix. The examples use the file data_file_2.csv.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/p/.../n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_2.csv');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/p/.../n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_2.csv"}]}';

In the following examples the object_path is encoded, so it is treated as a name instead of a prefix. The original file name is data_file_[1].csv.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/p/.../n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_%5B1%5D.csv');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/p/.../n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_%5B1%5D.csv"}]}';

In the following examples, the object_path is empty, which means that no additional target is specified. Therefore, the examples load all the files under the PAR.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/p/.../n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/p/.../n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/"}]}';

The following examples specify files as a prefix because the object_path ends with a / character and does not contain any of the following characters: *, ?, or [. The examples use any files in the data_files/ Object Storage folder to load the external table.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/p/.../n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/p/.../n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/"}]}';

The following examples use a glob pattern and load two files, data_file_2 and data_file_3.csv, to load the external table. The object_path is a pattern because it has a [ character.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/p/.../n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_[2-3].csv');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/p/.../n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_[2-3].csv"}]}';

The following examples use a glob pattern because they have an unencoded * character. The examples specify all CSV files that start with data_file_ to load the external table. For example, they use the files data_file_1.csv, data_file_2.csv, and data_file_3.csv.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/p/.../n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_*.csv');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/p/.../n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_*.csv"}]}';

The following examples use a glob pattern because they have an unencoded ? character. The examples specify all CSV files that start with data_file_ and have any single character followed by 0 to load the external table. For example, they use the files data_file_10.csv, data_file_20.csv, and data_file_30.csv.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/p/.../n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_?0.csv');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/p/.../n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_?0.csv"}]}';
Native URI Examples

The format of a Native URI is the following if using dedicated endpoints: 

https://namespace_name.objectstorage.region_name.oci.customer-oci.com/n/namespace_name/b/bucket_name/o/object_path

The format of a Native URI can also be the following: 

https://objectstorage.region_name.oraclecloud.com/n/namespace_name/b/bucket_name/o/object_path

The object_path cannot be empty.

The following examples specify a single file as a name since the object_path is not a glob pattern or prefix. The examples use the data_file_1.csv file.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_file_1.csv');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_file_1.csv"}]}';

In the following examples the object_path is encoded, so it is treated as a name instead of a prefix. The original file name is data_file_[1].csv.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_file_%5B1%5D.csv');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_file_%5B1%5D.csv"}]}';

The following examples specify files as a prefix because the object_path ends with a / character and does not contain any of the following characters: *, ?, or [. The examples use any files in the data_files/ Object Storage folder to load the external table.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/"}]}';

The following examples use a glob pattern and specify two files, data_file_1.csv and data_file_2.csv, to load the external table. The object_path is a pattern because it has a [ character.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_[1-2].csv');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_[1-2].csv"}]}';

The following examples use a glob pattern because they have an unencoded * character. The examples specify all CSV files that start with data_file_ to load the external table. For example, they use the files data_file_1.csv, data_file_2.csv, and data_file_3.csv.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_*.csv');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_*.csv"}]}';

The following examples use a glob pattern because they have an unencoded ? character. The examples specify all CSV files that start with data_file_ and have any single character followed by 0 to load the external table. For example, they use the files data_file_10.csv, data_file_20.csv, and data_file_30.csv.

SQL syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        FILE_FORMAT = (FORMAT csv)
        FILES = (URI = 'https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_?0.csv');

JSON syntax example: 

mysql> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE table_1(col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int)
        ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE='{"dialect": {"format": "csv"}, 
                           "file": [{"uri": "https://mynamespace.objectstorage.myregion.oci.customer-oci.com/n/mynamespace/b/mybucket/o/data_files/data_file_?0.csv"}]}';
What's Next

After successfully creating external tables manually and specifying the files to load data into the table, learn how to Load Structured Data Manually.


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