22.3.3.4 Modify Documents

You can use the modify() method to update one or more documents in a collection. The X DevAPI provides additional methods for use with the modify() method to:

• Set and unset fields within documents.

• Append, insert, and delete arrays.

• Bind, limit, and sort the documents to be modified.

Set and Unset Document Fields

The modify() method works by filtering a collection to include only the documents to be modified and then applying the operations that you specify to those documents.

In the following example, the modify() method uses the search condition to identify the document to change and then the set() method replaces two values within the nested demographics object.

mysql-js> db.countryinfo.modify("Code = 'SEA'").set(
"demographics", {"LifeExpectancy": 78, "Population": 28})

After you modify a document, use the find() method to verify the change.

To remove content from a document, use the modify() and unset() methods. For example, the following query removes the GNP from a document that matches the search condition.

mysql-js> db.countryinfo.modify("Name = 'Sealand'").unset("GNP")

Use the find() method to verify the change.

mysql-js> db.countryinfo.find("Name = 'Sealand'")
{
    "_id": "00005e2ff4af00000000000000f4",
    "Name": "Sealand",
    "Code:": "SEA",
    "IndepYear": 1967,
    "geography": {
        "Region": "British Islands",
        "Continent": "Europe",
        "SurfaceArea": 193
    },
    "government": {
        "HeadOfState": "Michael Bates",
        "GovernmentForm": "Monarchy"
    },
    "demographics": {
        "Population": 27,
        "LifeExpectancy": 79
    }
}

Append, Insert, and Delete Arrays

To append an element to an array field, or insert, or delete elements in an array, use the arrayAppend(), arrayInsert(), or arrayDelete() methods. The following examples modify the countryinfo collection to enable tracking of international airports.

The first example uses the modify() and set() methods to create a new Airports field in all documents.

Caution

Use care when you modify documents without specifying a search condition; doing so modifies all documents in the collection.

mysql-js> db.countryinfo.modify("true").set("Airports", [])

With the Airports field added, the next example uses the arrayAppend() method to add a new airport to one of the documents. $.Airports in the following example represents the Airports field of the current document.

mysql-js> db.countryinfo.modify("Name = 'France'").arrayAppend("$.Airports", "ORY")

Use find() to see the change.

mysql-js> db.countryinfo.find("Name = 'France'")
{
    "GNP": 1424285,
    "_id": "00005de917d80000000000000048",
    "Code": "FRA",
    "Name": "France",
    "Airports": [
        "ORY"
    ],
    "IndepYear": 843,
    "geography": {
        "Region": "Western Europe",
        "Continent": "Europe",
        "SurfaceArea": 551500
    },
    "government": {
        "HeadOfState": "Jacques Chirac",
        "GovernmentForm": "Republic"
    },
    "demographics": {
        "Population": 59225700,
        "LifeExpectancy": 78.80000305175781
    }
}

To insert an element at a different position in the array, use the arrayInsert() method to specify which index to insert in the path expression. In this case, the index is 0, or the first element in the array.

mysql-js> db.countryinfo.modify("Name = 'France'").arrayInsert("$.Airports[0]", "CDG")

To delete an element from the array, you must pass to the arrayDelete() method the index of the element to be deleted.

mysql-js> db.countryinfo.modify("Name = 'France'").arrayDelete("$.Airports[1]")

Related Information

• The MySQL Reference Manual provides instructions to help you search for and modify JSON values.

• See CollectionModifyFunction for the full syntax definition.