MySQL 9.0 Release Notes  /  Changes in MySQL 9.0.0 (2024-07-01, Innovation Release)

Changes in MySQL 9.0.0 (2024-07-01, Innovation Release)

Audit Log Notes

  • MySQL now calls plugin->deinit() with a valid plugin struct as an argument regardless of the plugin's type.

    Our thanks to Martin Alderete for the contribution.

C API Notes

  • C API applications stalled while receiving results for server side prepared statements.

Character Set Support

  • When resolving a call to the REPLACE() function, the character set and collation of the function result are copied from the first argument. The remaining two arguments, if they are literal values, should be converted to this character set, but only the second argument was converted.

    This fix ensures that the third argument is also converted to the first argument's character set and collation. (Bug #114769, Bug #36562972)

  • The internal function my_instr_mb() assumed incorrectly assumption in several places that byte lengths for input strings could be used to short-cut certain decisions. In the case of multibyte character sets and collations, this cannot be done since, under some collation rules, characters with differing byte lengths can be considered equal. In addition, Item_func_locate() used an incorrect byte length.

    Our thanks to Dirkjan Bussink for the contribution. (Bug #113933, Bug #36277823)

  • The internal function Item_func::eq() erroneously treated the two expressions CONVERT(a USING latin1) and CONVERT(a USING utf8mb4) as being equal.

Compilation Notes

  • macOS: CMake no longer tries to use the native ctags on MacOS, and now requires the Homebrew version of it to be installed on the system when building MySQL. (Bug #36590594)

  • macOS: Enabled use of gRPC when building MySQL on MacOS. (Bug #36537726)

  • Upgraded the bundled googletest and googlemock sources to version 1.14.0. (Bug #36562482)

  • Added a missing dependency on GenError. (Bug #36551721)

  • The version of Boost used for compiling MySQL was upgraded from 1.84.0 to 1.85.0. For more information see the Boost 1.85.0 Release Notes. (Bug #36495694)

  • Binaries for Enterprise Linux 8 and 9 are now built using GCC 13. (Bug #36331855)

  • Removed linker warnings raised when compiling code that used RapidJSON. (Bug #36322583)

  • It is now possible on Linux systems to build MySQL using a bundled tcmalloc library that is provided with the source by specifying -DWITH_TCMALLOC=BUNDLED. This is supported on Linux only. (Bug #36313839)

  • Removed warnings raised in sql/statement/ed_connection.cc when building on Ubuntu 23.04. (Bug #114436, Bug #36428465)

  • Linux aarch64 platform binaries are now built using patchelf --page-size=65536 for compatibility with systems using either 4k or 64k for the page size. (Bug #114233, Bug #36393794)

Component Notes

  • The values for component options set using the --loose prefix were not read when the component was installed. (Bug #28341329)

Configuration Notes

  • Microsoft Windows: On Windows, MySQL Configurator was updated to support in-place upgrades as per Upgrade Paths. (Bug #36685422)

  • Microsoft Windows: On Windows, clicking the [X] close button on a MySQL Configurator wizard's page now yields a confirmation popup if the wizard is busy executing an operation. (Bug #36671317)

  • Microsoft Windows: On Windows, MySQL Configurator no longer defines a custom server_type variable in the generated MySQL Server configuration file. This information is now stored in the configurator_settings.xml file. (Bug #36670309)

  • Microsoft Windows: On Windows, the Removing Windows Firewall step in MySQL Configurator would fail if the my.ini file was missing a mysqlx_port definition. (Bug #36666260)

  • Microsoft Windows: On Windows, if MySQL Configurator failed to find a valid my.ini or my.cnf file from the MySQL Server Installations page, then clicking the Browse button disabled the Next button even when the selected file was valid. (Bug #36395569)

  • Microsoft Windows: On Windows, MySQL Configurator now only shows the removal steps if the associated MySQL Server was previously configured. (Bug #36395417)

  • Microsoft Windows: On Windows, MySQL Configurator now detects if the existing root user is using the mysql_native_password authentication plugin (the plugin was removed in MySQL 9.0.0) and prompts to convert root to use the caching_sha2_password authentication plugin before performing a MySQL Server upgrade. (WL #16139)

  • Microsoft Windows: For MSI installations on Windows, MySQL Configurator now automatically upgrades MySQL 8.4 LTS installations without user intervention. (WL #16274)

Data Dictionary Notes

  • Attempting to upgrade a MyISAM table containing a mix of regular columns and generated columns from MySQL 5.7 to 8.0 or later led to table corruption. (Bug #105301, Bug #33503328)

Data Type Notes

  • When a string is converted to a numeric value, any non-numeric data trailing the numeric value should cause an error with strict mode and a warning with any other SQL mode, but in some cases, depending on the length and character set of the string, an invalid string did not raise any of the expected errors or warnings. (Bug #36457756)

  • In some cases, casting a double to an integer value used rounding, and in others, with truncation, which led to inconsistent results. Now rounding up is used in all such cases. (Bug #114549, Bug #36481397)

  • In some cases, DECIMAL 0 was treated as less than a FLOAT value between 0 and -1. (Bug #114196, Bug #36361165)

Deprecation and Removal Notes

  • The mysql_native_password authentication plugin, deprecated in MySQL 8.0, has been removed, and the server now rejects mysql_native authentication requests from older client programs which do not have CLIENT_PLUGIN_AUTH capability. For backward compatibility, mysql_native_password remains available on the client; the client-side built-in authentication plugin has been converted into a dynamically loadable plugin.

    Note

    In MySQL 8.0, the default MySQL authentication plugin was changed to caching_sha2_password (see Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication).

    These changes also entail the removal of the following server options and variables:

    • The --mysql-native-password server option

    • The --mysql-native-password-proxy-users server option

    • The default_authentication_plugin server system variable

    For more information, see Authentication Plugins. (WL #15930)

  • The MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE columns of the Performance Schema variables_info table are now deprecated, and subject to removal in a future version of MySQL. Instead, you should use the MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE columns of the variables_metadata table, which provide the same information. (WL #15585)

Event Scheduler Notes

JavaScript Programs

  • MySQL 9.0 Enterprise Edition now includes support for stored programs written in JavaScript, such as this simple example created using the CREATE FUNCTION statement and JavaScript code shown here: 

    CREATE FUNCTION gcd(a INT, b INT) 
RETURNS INT 
NO SQL 
LANGUAGE JAVASCRIPT AS
  $mle$
    let x = Math.abs(a)
    let y = Math.abs(b)
    while(y) {
      var t = y
      y = x % y
      x = t
    }
    return x
  $mle$
;

    JavaScript Stored Program Creation and Management, describes creation and execution of JavaScript stored programs.

    JavaScript language support includes both stored procedures and stored functions, and is provided by the Multilingual Engine Component (MLE). For more information about determining whether your distribution includes this component, and enabling it, see Multilingual Engine Component (MLE).

    JavaScript language support in MySQL conforms to the ECMAScript 2023 Specification, and uses strict mode by default. Strict mode cannot be disabled. This implementation includes all of the standard ECMAScript library objects such as Object, Function, Math, Date, and String. console.log() and console.error() are also supported.

    Most MySQL data types are supported for JavaScript stored program input and output arguments, as well as for return data types. Strings must use the utf8mb4 character set. MySQL BLOB and TEXT types are supported, as are many MySQL temporal types. JSON is also supported. The VECTOR type is not supported by the MLE component or by JavaScript stored programs. For more information, see JavaScript Stored Program Data Types and Argument Handling, and JavaScript Stored Program Limitations and Restrictions.

    Stored programs written in JavaScript support an SQL and result set API provided by the MLE component. See JavaScript SQL API, and Using the JavaScript SQL API, for more information.

    The MLE component provides a number of session information and management functions including mle_session_state() and mle_session_reset(). You can also view a number of MLE status variables in the output of a statement similar to SHOW STATUS LIKE 'mle%'. See also JavaScript Stored Programs—Obtaining Session Information.

    For general information about JavaScript stored programs, see JavaScript Stored Programs. (WL #15605, WL #16129, WL #16172, WL #16226, WL #16272, WL #16276)

Optimizer Notes

  • Important Change: ER_SUBQUERY_NO_1_ROW has been removed from the list of errors which are ignored by statements which include the IGNORE keyword. This has been done for the following reasons:

    • Ignoring such errors sometimes led to insertion of NULL into non-nullable columns (for untransformed subqueries), or of no row at all (subqueries using subquery_to_derived).

    • When subqueries were transformed to join with derived tables, the behavior differed from that of untransformed queries.

    Following an upgrade to this release, this change can make an UPDATE, DELETE, or INSERT statement which includes the IGNORE keyword raise errors if it contains a SELECT statement with a scalar subquery that produces more than one row.

    For more information, see The Effect of IGNORE on Statement Execution. (Bug #110961, Bug #35373406)

Performance Schema Notes

  • This release adds two tables to the MySQL Performance Schema, listed here:

    • The variables_metadata table provides general information about system variables. This information includes the name, scope, type, range (where applicable), and description of each system variable recognized by the MySQL server.

      The MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE columns of this table are intended to replace the deprecated MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE columns of the variables_info table.

    • The global_variable_attributes table provides information about attribute-value pairs assigned by the server to global system variables.

    For more information, see Performance Schema System Variable Tables. (WL #15855)

SQL Syntax Notes

  • JSON: You can now save the JSON output from EXPLAIN ANALYZE into a user variable using the syntax shown here: 

    EXPLAIN ANALYZE FORMAT=JSON INTO @variable select_stmt

    The variable can be used subsequently as a JSON argument to any of MySQL's JSON functions (see JSON Functions). The INTO clause is supported only with FORMAT=JSON, which must be included explicitly. This form of EXPLAIN ANALYZE also supports an optional FOR SCHEMA or FOR DATABASE clause preceding the SELECT statement being analyzed. Statements other than SELECT are not supported.

    Note

    This feature is available only if the explain_json_format_version server system variable is set to 2; otherwise, attempting to make use of it raises ER_EXPLAIN_ANALYZE_JSON_FORMAT_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED.

    For more information and examples, see Obtaining Execution Plan Information. (WL #16216)

sys Schema Notes

  • The performance of the innodb_lock_waits view is improved in this release. (Bug #36337708)

Vector Data Type

  • Support is added in this release for a VECTOR column type. A vector is a data structure which consists of a list of entries (4-byte floating-point values) which can be expressed either as a binary string value or a list-formatted string. A VECTOR column is declared with a maximum length or number of entries (in parentheses); the default is 2048, and the maximum is 16383.

    You can create InnoDB tables with VECTOR columns using CREATE TABLE as shown here: 

    mysql> CREATE TABLE v1 (c1 VECTOR(5000));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

    Other storage engines do not support tables with VECTOR columns.

    Vector columns in this release are subject to restrictions, some of which are listed here:

    • A VECTOR column cannot be used as any type of key. This includes primary keys, foreign keys, unique keys, and partitioning keys.

    • Some types of MySQL functions and operators do not accept vectors as arguments. These include but are not limited to numeric functions and operators, temporal functions, full-text search functions, XML functions, bit functions, and JSON functions.

      Some (but not all) string and encryption functions support VECTOR values. For more complete information, see VECTOR Supported and Unsupported Functions.

    • A VECTOR cannot be compared with any other type, and can be compared with another VECTOR only for equality.

    • MLE JavaScript programs do not support VECTOR columns or values.

    Use the VECTOR_DIM() function (also added in MySQL 9.0) to obtain the length of a vector. Functions to convert between representations are available. STRING_TO_VECTOR() (alias: TO_VECTOR()) takes a list-formatted representation of a vector and returns the binary string representation; VECTOR_TO_STRING() (alias: FROM_VECTOR()) performs the inverse, as shown here: 

    mysql> SELECT STRING_TO_VECTOR('[2, 3, 5, 7]');
+------------------------------------------------------+
| TO_VECTOR('[2, 3, 5, 7]')                            |
+------------------------------------------------------+
| 0x00000040000040400000A0400000E040                   |
+------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT VECTOR_TO_STRING(0x00000040000040400000A0400000E040);
+------------------------------------------------------+
| VECTOR_TO_STRING(0x00000040000040400000A0400000E040) |
+------------------------------------------------------+
| [2.00000e+00,3.00000e+00,5.00000e+00,7.00000e+00]    |
+------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    For more information and examples, see The VECTOR Type, and Vector Functions. (WL #16081)

X Plugin Notes

  • The system variable caching_sha2_password_digest_rounds could not be set to a non-default value using X Protocol. (Bug #36402455)

  • An outdated link to the MySQL documentation in the mysql_function_names unit test source file has been updated.

    Our thanks to Minha Jeong for the contribution. (Bug #113500, Bug #36137217)

Bugs Fixed

  • InnoDB: MySQL unexpectedly halted on an UPDATE after an ALTER TABLE operation. (Bug #36571091)

    References: This issue is a regression of: Bug #35183686.

  • InnoDB: Improved the InnoDB recovery logic to reduce pauses between recovery actions. (Bug #36332645)

  • InnoDB: File system operations performed by InnoDB now consistently fsync the parent directory when performing directory altering tasks. (Bug #36174938)

  • InnoDB: In debug builds, setting the innodb_interpreter_output debug variable would cause the server to unexpectedly halt. This is now a read-only variable. (Bug #36041032)

  • InnoDB: Improved os_innodb_umask handling, and made it read-only. (Bug #35932118)

    References: This issue is a regression of: Bug #29472125.

  • InnoDB: Removed functionality specific to the Fusion IO atomic write feature, a product that was last available in 2014. (Bug #35072139)

  • InnoDB: An InnoDB assertion error referencing an invalid column index was triggered when the column index was valid. (Bug #34800754)

  • InnoDB: With an empty XA transaction, shutting the server down after an XA START would cause the server to halt unexpectedly. (Bug #32416819)

  • InnoDB: Shutting down the replication applier or binlog applier while processing an empty XA transaction caused the system to unexpectedly halt. (Bug #32416819)

  • InnoDB: Removed unnecessary heap usage in the Validate_files::check() function.

    Our thanks to Huaxiong Song for the contribution. (Bug #115041, Bug #36626203)

  • InnoDB: Improved the notify_about_advanced_write_lsn() logic to prevent potential log notification delays.

    Our thanks to Zongzhi Chen for the contribution. (Bug #114660, Bug #36528707)

  • InnoDB: If a partition table was read with innodb_parallel_read_threads=1, read performance greatly decreased from any table after 256 reads. InnoDB behaved as if it reached the maximum capacity of parallel read threads despite not using any.

    Our thanks to Ke Yu for the contribution. (Bug #114154, Bug #36347408)

  • InnoDB: Removed an unnecessary conditional check from get_next_redo_rseg_from_undo_spaces().

    Our thanks to Alex Xing for the contribution. (Bug #113640, Bug #36185805)

  • InnoDB: The result from a spatial index containing a column with a spatial reference identifier (SRID) attribute was empty. In addition, using FORCE INDEX to force a covering index scan on a spatial index led to an assertion. (Bug #112676, Bug #114200, Bug #35894664, Bug #36361834)

  • InnoDB: SELECT ... GROUP BY queries were at least twice as slow with the TempTable engine than the Memory engine. (Bug #107700, Bug #34338001)

  • Replication: If a source contained a stored, generated column populated by a JSON function and binlog_row_image was set to MINIMAL, any subsequent update or deletion on the underlying column failed with the following error: 

            Invalid JSON text in argument 1 to function json_extract: 'The document is empty.'

    The replica attempted to re-evaluate the generated column and failed with that error because the underlying column was unavailable. As of this release, stored, generated columns are not re-evaluated when the underlying columns are unavailable. (Bug #36515172)

  • Replication: The column number returned in the error ER_SERVER_REPLICA_CONVERSION_FAILED was incorrect. It was one less than the actual value. (Bug #36246205)

  • Group Replication: Removed a memory leak from /xcom/gcs_xcom_networking.cc. (Bug #36532199)

  • Group Replication: Under certain circumstances, after successfully setting a new primary, group_replication_set_as_primary() waited indefinitely for the operation to complete.

    As of this release, a periodic check is performed to ensure the function does not wait unnecessarily. (Bug #36348650)

  • Group Replication: The MEMBER_ID, MEMBER_HOST, and MEMBER_PORT columns of the REPLICATION_GROUP_MEMBERS table were not always populated for offline members. (Bug #36290046)

  • Group Replication: The following tables did not contain data on replication channels which did not have a configured hostname, such as Group Replication recovery channels:

    As of this release, these tables contain data for partially configured Group Replication channels. (Bug #36018242)

  • JSON: Added missing checks for error handling to NULLIF(), COALESCE(), and the shift (>>) operator. (Bug #113668, Bug #35513196, Bug #36198403)

    References: See also: Bug #31358416.

  • MySQL NDB ClusterJ: Running the ClusterJ test suite resulted in an error message saying a number of threads did not exist. That was due to some wrong handling of threads and connections, which was corrected by this patch. (Bug #36086735)

  • Added a missing error check needed when evaluating the <=> operator. (Bug #36570474)

  • Added a missing error check needed for evaluating CASE operators. (Bug #36570439)

  • Averages of certain numbers were not always computed correctly. (Bug #36563773)

  • Removed redundant assignments to Item::m_table_ref in find_field_in_tables() which led to invalid GROUP BY results and other errors. (Bug #36556725, Bug #36557029)

    References: This issue is a regression of: Bug #36533080.

  • The following files in strings contained incorrect license information:

    • mb_wc.h

    • ctype-uca.cc

    • ctype-ucs2.cc

    • ctype-utf8.cc

    • dtoa.cc

    • strxmov.cc

    • strxnmov.cc

    (Bug #36506181)

  • In certain unusual cases, the UpdateXML() function did not process all of its arguments correctly. (Bug #36479091)

  • With subquery_to_derived=ON, an outer reference was not replaced in some cases following transformation to a derived table. (Bug #36475633)

    References: See also: Bug #36314993.

  • A missing check for errors relating to TIME values sometimes led to an assert in sql/item.cc. (Bug #36421511)

  • Explaining a query which used FORCE INDEX on a spatial index containing a column with SRID attributes led to an unplanned exit. (Bug #36418426)

  • Events created within stored programs were not always handled correctly. (Bug #36402968, Bug #35395333)

    References: This issue is a regression of: Bug #17809, Bug #11745618.

  • The InnoDB OpenTelemetry metrics (mysql.inno) were not automatically updated. (Bug #36399090)

  • This fix addresses two issues:

    • An item that was not yet fixed when searching for an item placed in the GROUP BY list led to an assert in include/sql_string.h.

    • The TIME_FORMAT() function did not handle NULL arguments correctly in all cases.

    (Bug #36367313, Bug #36367776)

  • Updated BuildRequire rules to align with versions now required for CMake and Bison. (Bug #36343254)

  • Removed an unused argument from the internal function MY_COLLATION_HANDLER::strstr(). (Bug #36342997)

  • An IN predicate containing EXCEPT ALL set operations yielded the wrong result. (Bug #36332697)

  • A query using WHERE primary_key IN(SELECT constant1 EXCEPT SELECT constant2) returned a differing number of rows depending on the presence or absence of an ORDER BY clause. (Bug #36307622)

  • When incrementing the reference count for an expression, underlying expressions within this expression are not looked at. While removing an expression, after decrementing the reference count, even the underlying expressions were examined, which led to unintentional deletion of the underlying expressions. This issue manifested in Item_ref::real_item() as well as in an assert in sql/item.h. We fix this by not looking at the underlying expression unless the current expression contains the only remaining reference. (Bug #36204344, Bug #36356279)

  • Under certain conditions, EXPLAIN FORMAT=JSON FOR CONNECTION sometimes led to an unplanned exit. (Bug #36189820)

  • Under certain conditions, a race condition could result in the amount of RAM used by TABLE_HANDLES increasing to a maximum of 9GB. (Bug #36170903)

  • Some CREATE USER statements were not handled correctly. (Bug #36022885)

  • For a SELECT with ORDER BY and LIMIT, the optimizer first chose a full table scan with a very expensive cost, then performed another check and used the perform_order_index type of path, but this was not reflected by the cost in the optimizer plan. (Bug #35930969)

  • Executing mysqldump on a replica would insert the FLUSH TABLES operation, an operation that writes to the binary log. Now FLUSH LOCAL TABLES is inserted instead to prevent GTID related issues during replication due to these binary log changes.

    The workaround was to set the --source-data option to 1 or 2. (Bug #35665076)

    References: This issue is a regression of: Bug #33630199.

  • All internal ACL bitmask variables are now explicitly 32 bits (uint32_t). (Bug #35507223)

  • It was not possible to add a functional index on FIND_IN_SET(). (Bug #35352161)

  • In some cases, a SELECT constant from an empty table with ORDER BY COUNT(*), when used in a view, did not return any rows. (Bug #115035, Bug #36625752)

  • In some circumstances, such when DDL operations were performed on a very large number of tables, the error log was flooded with warnings from background histogram updates; the offending warning was concerning a failure to acquire metadata locks on a table.

    To remedy this problem we now throttle messages written to the error log from background histogram update operations, the rate being capped at one message per minute, which should suffice for the user to identify potential problems with background histogram updates. In addition, we downgrade all error events that occur during background histogram updates from errors to warnings. (Bug #114845, Bug #36574298)

  • The range of error numbers for new errors in MySQL 9 has been designated to begin with 6400. (Bug #114414, Bug #36421351)

  • When the character set for arguments to a UDF was specified using component services and the argument values passed did not convert cleanly to the desired character set, the UDF ceased executing and returned SQL NULL. (Bug #114409, Bug #36420251)

  • It was possible for a deterministic stored function to return an incorrect result when the function used JOIN ON inside the return statement. If the query needed to be reprepared due to a table metadata caused by, for example, FLUSH TABLES between two executions, the ON clause was sometimes lost. (Bug #114235, Bug #36379879)

  • The server rejected a query containing a subquery which referred to a column of the parent table. (Bug #113887, Bug #36262779)

  • SUM(SUBSTRING()) returned a warning as expected, but SUM(DISTINCT SUBSTRING()) did not. (Bug #113171, Bug #36035064)

  • Added the missing mysql-community-libs-compat package for the EL8 and EL9 platforms. (Bug #112949, Bug #35975348)

  • SHOW PARSE_TREE CREATE SCHEMA caused a server exit in debug builds.

    Note

    The SHOW PARSE_TREE statement is available in debug builds only.

    (Bug #112883, Bug #35964157)

  • The PROCESSLIST_INFO column of THREADS was not updated when executing a prepared statement. (Bug #104121, Bug #33057164)


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