To avoid a large number of backup files to track and keep safe, and to simplify moving backup data around, the mysqlbackup command can create a backup in a single-file format, pack an existing backup into a single file, unpack the single file back to the original backup directory structure, list the contents of a single-file backup, verify the contents of a single-file backup against embedded checksums, or extract a single file or directory tree. For the syntax of the relevant mysqlbackup options, see Section 4.1.10, “Single-File Backup Options”.
Because the single-file backup can be streamed or piped to another process, such as a tape backup or a command such as scp, you can use this technique to put the backup on another storage device or server without significant storage overhead on the original database server. (During preparation of the single-file backup, some small work files are prepared temporarily inside the specified backup directory.)
To create a single-file backup, specify the
mysqlbackup option
backup-to-image. All the original
data files must be under a single directory, rather than spread
across different paths. Specify the same path for the
datadir,
innodb_log_group_home_dir, and
innodb_data_home_dir configuration options.
Example 3.4. Single-File Backup to Absolute Path
This command creates a single backup image in the given
absolute path. It still requires
--backup-dir, which is used to hold temporary
output, status, and metadata files.
mysqlbackup --backup-image=/backups/sales.mbi --backup-dir=/backup-tmp backup-to-image
Example 3.5. Single-File Backup to Relative Path
This command specifies --backup-image with a
relative path underneath the backup directory. The resulting
single-file backup is created as
/backups/sales.mbi.
mysqlbackup --backup-image=sales.mbi --backup-dir=/backups backup-to-image
Example 3.6. Single-File Backup to Standard Output
The following command dumps the backup output to standard
output. Again, the --backup-dir directory
specified in my.cnf is used as a
temporary directory.
mysqlbackup --backup-dir=/backups --backup-image=- backup-to-image > /backup/mybackup.mbi
Example 3.7. Convert Existing Backup Directory to Single Image
The backup-dir directory specified in
my.cnf is bundled into the
/backup/my.mbi file. The directory can
contain anything, not necessarily a backup produced by MySQL Enterprise Backup.
mysqlbackup --backup-image=/backup/my.mbi --backup-dir=/var/mysql/backup backup-dir-to-image
Example 3.8. Extract Existing Image to Backup Directory
The image contents are unpacked into
backup-dir.
mysqlbackup --backup-dir=/var/backup --backup-image=/backup/my.mbi image-to-backup-dir
Example 3.9. List Single-File Backup Contents
The image contents are listed with each line indicating a file or directory entry.
mysqlbackup --backup-image=/backup/my.mbi list-image
Example 3.10. Extract Single-File Backup into Current Directory
The following command extracts all contents from a single-file backup into the current working directory.
mysqlbackup --backup-image=/var/my.mbi extract
Example 3.11. Extract Single-File Backup into a Backup Directory
This command behaves like the
image-to-backup-dir option, by
extracting all contents of a single-file backup into the
--backup-dir directory.
mysqlbackup --backup-image=/var/my.mbi --backup-dir=/var/backup extract
Example 3.12. Selective Extract of Single File
The following command extracts the single file
meta/comments.txt into the local
path./meta/comments.txt.
mysqlbackup --backup-image=/var/my.mbi \ --src-entry=meta/comments.txt extract
The following command extracts the
meta/comments.txt file into a specified
path /tmp/mycomments.txt by using the
--dst-entry option.
mysqlbackup --backup-image=/var/my.mbi \ --src-entry=meta/comments.txt \ --dst-entry=/tmp/mycomments.txt extract
The following command dumps the contents of
meta/comments.txt (inside a single-file
backup) to standard output.
mysqlbackup --backup-image=/var/my.mbi --src-entry=meta/comments.txt --dst-entry=- extract
Example 3.13. Selective Extract of Single Directory
The following command extracts a single directory
meta into a local file system path
./meta. Extracting a directory extracts
all its contents, including any subdirectories.
mysqlbackup --backup-image=/backup/my.mbi --src-entry=meta extract
The following command extracts all meta
directory contents (all its files and subdirectories) into the
directory /tmp/my-meta.
mysqlbackup --backup-image=/backup/my.mbi --src-entry=meta \ --dst-entry=/tmp/my-meta extract
Example 3.14. Checking a Single-File Backup for Corruption Problems
For an example showing the output of successful and unsuccesful checks, see Section C.4, “Validating a Single-File Backup Image”.
Example 3.15. Dealing with Absolute Path Names
Since absolute pathnames are extracted to the same paths in local system, it could be a problem if you do not have write permission for that path. You can remap absolute paths as follows:
mysqlbackup --backup-image=/backup/my.mbi --src-entry=/ --dst-entry=/myroot extract mysqlbackup --backup-image=/backup/my.mbi --src-entry=. extract
The first command extracts all absolute paths to
/myroot directory in the local system.
The second command extracts all relative paths to the current
directory.
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