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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/monitor-alter-table-performance-schema.html
In order of occurrence, ALTER TABLE stage events include: stage/innodb/alter table (read PK and internal sort): This stage is active when ALTER TABLE is in the reading-primary-key phase. stage/innodb/alter table (merge sort): This stage is repeated ... You can monitor ALTER TABLE progress for InnoDB tables using Performance ...For information about Performance Schema stage event instruments and ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-online-ddl-operations.html
The rows of an InnoDB table are stored in a clustered index organized based on the primary key, forming what some database systems call an “index-organized table”. Dropping a column default value ALTER TABLE tbl ALTER COLUMN col DROP DEFAULT, ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-compression-usage.html
Creating a Compressed Table in File-Per-Table Tablespace To create a compressed table in a file-per-table tablespace, innodb_file_per_table must be enabled (the default). The FILE_BLOCK_SIZE value must be a valid compressed page size in relation to ...The system tablespace (space 0, the .ibdata files) can contain user-created tables, but it also contains internal system data, which is never ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/alter-database.html
In that case, an error occurs if there is no default database. See Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”.) If you change the default character set or collation for a database, any stored routines that are to use the ...alter_option: { [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name | [DEFAULT] ENCRYPTION [=] {'Y' | 'N'} | READ ONLY [=] {DEFAULT | 0 | 1} } ALTER DATABASE enables you to change the overall characteristics of a ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-preload-buffer-pool.html
By default, tablespace ID and page ID data is saved in a file named ib_buffer_pool, which is saved to the InnoDB data directory. Even though a buffer pool can be many gigabytes in size, the buffer pool data that InnoDB saves to disk is tiny by ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-create-table-external.html
Attempting to access a table when the associated data file is missing causes a serious error that requires a server restart. mysql> CREATE TABLE t2 (c1 INT PRIMARY KEY) TABLESPACE = innodb_file_per_table DATA DIRECTORY = '/external/directory'; This ... There are different reasons for creating InnoDB tables externally; that is, creating tables outside of the data ...mysql> SELECT @@innodb_file_per_table; +-------------------------+ | @@innodb_file_per_table | +-------------------------+ | 1 | ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysql-acid.html
MySQL includes components such as the InnoDB storage engine that adhere closely to the ACID model so that data is not corrupted and results are not distorted by exceptional conditions such as software crashes and hardware malfunctions. Consistency ... The ACID model is a set of database design principles that emphasize aspects of reliability that are important for business data and mission-critical ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-linux-native-aio.html
InnoDB uses the asynchronous I/O subsystem (native AIO) on Linux to perform read-ahead and write requests for data file pages. This behavior is controlled by the innodb_use_native_aio configuration option, which applies to Linux systems only and is ...Using the asynchronous I/O subsystem on Linux requires the libaio ...When a request is completed, a background ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysql-cluster-compared.html
See Section 25.2.6.3, “NDB and InnoDB Feature Usage Summary”, for a comparison of the relative suitability of each for use in common types of database applications. They see NDB as a possible alternative or upgrade to the default InnoDB storage ...Since both NDB and InnoDB can serve as transactional MySQL storage engines, users of MySQL Server sometimes become interested in NDB ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-doublewrite-buffer.html
The doublewrite buffer is a storage area where InnoDB writes pages flushed from the buffer pool before writing the pages to their proper positions in the InnoDB data files. If no directory is specified, doublewrite files are created in the ...Data ...If there is an operating system, storage subsystem, or unexpected mysqld process exit in the middle of a page write, InnoDB can find a good copy of the page from the doublewrite buffer during crash ...