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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-charsets.html
To list the available character sets and their default collations, use the SHOW CHARACTER SET statement or query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS table. There is one subsection for each group of related character sets. To avoid choosing the ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-collation-coercibility.html
In the great majority of statements, it is obvious what collation MySQL uses to resolve a comparison operation. For example, in the following cases, it should be clear that the collation is the collation of column x: SELECT x FROM T ORDER BY x; ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-configuration.html
To determine which collations are available for each character set, use the SHOW COLLATION statement or query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS table. The MySQL server has a compiled-in default character set and collation. To change these defaults, ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-errors.html
Parameters in the message template are replaced with values that apply to a specific error occurrence: Identifiers such as table or column names use UTF-8 internally so they are copied as is. This section describes how the MySQL server uses ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-general.html
Mix strings with different character sets or collations in the same server, the same database, or even the same table. A character set is a set of symbols and encodings. A collation is a set of rules for comparing characters in a character set.
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-introducer.html
To see the default collation for each character set, use the SHOW CHARACTER SET statement or query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS table. A character string literal, hexadecimal literal, or bit-value literal may have an optional character set ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-literal.html
To see the default collation for each character set, use the SHOW CHARACTER SET statement or query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS table. Every character string literal has a character set and a collation. For the simple statement SELECT ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-syntax.html
There are default settings for character sets and collations at four levels: server, database, table, and column. The description in the following sections may appear complex, but it has been found in practice that multiple-level defaulting leads ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-utf8.html
utf8 has been used by MySQL in the past as an alias for the utf8mb3 character set, but this usage is now deprecated; in MySQL 8.0, SHOW statements and columns of INFORMATION_SCHEMA tables display utf8mb3 instead. For more information, see Section ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset.html
The default MySQL server character set and collation are utf8mb4 and utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, but you can specify character sets at the server, database, table, column, and string literal levels. MySQL includes character set support that enables you to ...