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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-errors.html
Parameters in the message template are replaced with values that apply to a specific error occurrence: Identifiers such as table or column names use UTF-8 internally so they are copied as is. This section describes how the MySQL server uses ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-general.html
Mix strings with different character sets or collations in the same server, the same database, or even the same table. A character set is a set of symbols and encodings. A collation is a set of rules for comparing characters in a character set.
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-introducer.html
To see the default collation for each character set, use the SHOW CHARACTER SET statement or query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS table. A character string literal, hexadecimal literal, or bit-value literal may have an optional character set ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-literal.html
To see the default collation for each character set, use the SHOW CHARACTER SET statement or query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS table. Every character string literal has a character set and a collation. For the simple statement SELECT ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-national.html
Thus, using NATIONAL CHARACTER or one of its synonyms to define the character set for a database, table, or column raises a warning similar to this one: NATIONAL/NCHAR/NVARCHAR implies the character set UTF8MB3, which will be replaced by UTF8MB4 in ... Standard SQL defines NCHAR or NATIONAL CHAR as a way to indicate that a CHAR column should use some predefined character ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-restrictions.html
Identifiers are stored in mysql database tables (user, db, and so forth) using utf8mb3, but identifiers can contain only characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). The ucs2, utf16, utf16le, and utf32 character sets have the following ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-syntax.html
There are default settings for character sets and collations at four levels: server, database, table, and column. The description in the following sections may appear complex, but it has been found in practice that multiple-level defaulting leads ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-utf32.html
utf32 takes twice as much space as ucs2 and more space than utf16, but utf32 has the same advantage as ucs2 that it is predictable for storage: The required number of bytes for utf32 equals the number of characters times 4. The utf32 character set ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-utf8.html
utf8 has been used by MySQL in the past as an alias for the utf8mb3 character set, but this usage is now deprecated; in MySQL 8.0, SHOW statements and columns of INFORMATION_SCHEMA tables display utf8mb3 instead. For more information, see Section ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset.html
The default MySQL server character set and collation are utf8mb4 and utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, but you can specify character sets at the server, database, table, column, and string literal levels. MySQL includes character set support that enables you to ...