payment_id: A surrogate primary key used to uniquely identify each payment.

customer_id: The customer whose balance the payment is being applied to. This is a foreign key reference to the customer table.

staff_id: The staff member who processed the payment. This is a foreign key reference to the staff table.

rental_id: The rental that the payment is being applied to. This is optional because some payments are for outstanding fees and may not be directly related to a rental.

amount: The amount of the payment.

payment_date: The date the payment was processed.

last_update: The time that the row was created or most recently updated.