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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/charset-charsets.html
To list the available character sets and their default collations, use the SHOW CHARACTER SET statement or query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS table. There is one subsection for each group of related character sets. To avoid choosing the ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/charset-collation-coercibility.html
In the great majority of statements, it is obvious what collation MySQL uses to resolve a comparison operation. For example, in the following cases, it should be clear that the collation is the collation of column x: SELECT x FROM T ORDER BY x; ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/charset-configuration.html
To determine which collations are available for each character set, use the SHOW COLLATION statement or query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS table. The MySQL server has a compiled-in default character set and collation. To change these defaults, ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/charset-errors.html
Parameters in the message template are replaced with values that apply to a specific error occurrence: Identifiers such as table or column names use UTF-8 internally so they are copied as is. This section describes how the MySQL server uses ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/charset-general.html
Mix strings with different character sets or collations in the same server, the same database, or even the same table. A character set is a set of symbols and encodings. A collation is a set of rules for comparing characters in a character set.
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/charset-introducer.html
To see the default collation for each character set, use the SHOW CHARACTER SET statement or query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS table. A character string literal, hexadecimal literal, or bit-value literal may have an optional character set ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/charset-literal.html
To see the default collation for each character set, use the SHOW CHARACTER SET statement or query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS table. Every character string literal has a character set and a collation. For the simple statement SELECT ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/charset-national.html
Thus, using NATIONAL CHARACTER or one of its synonyms to define the character set for a database, table, or column raises a warning similar to this one: NATIONAL/NCHAR/NVARCHAR implies the character set UTF8MB3, which will be replaced by UTF8MB4 in ... Standard SQL defines NCHAR or NATIONAL CHAR as a way to indicate that a CHAR column should use some predefined character ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/charset-restrictions.html
Identifiers are stored in mysql database tables (user, db, and so forth) using utf8mb3, but identifiers can contain only characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). The ucs2, utf16, utf16le, and utf32 character sets have the following ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/charset-syntax.html
There are default settings for character sets and collations at four levels: server, database, table, and column. The description in the following sections may appear complex, but it has been found in practice that multiple-level defaulting leads ...