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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-conversion.html
To remove these bytes, use the TRIM() function: UPDATE t SET col1 = TRIM(TRAILING 0x00 FROM col1); Suppose that table t has a nonbinary column named col1 defined as CHAR(50) CHARACTER SET latin1 but you want to convert it to use utf8mb4 so that you ... To convert a binary or nonbinary string column to use a particular character set, use ALTER ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-introducer.html
Examples: SELECT 'abc'; SELECT _latin1'abc'; SELECT _binary'abc'; SELECT _utf8mb4'abc' COLLATE utf8mb4_danish_ci; SELECT _latin1 X'4D7953514C'; SELECT _utf8mb4 0x4D7953514C COLLATE utf8mb4_danish_ci; SELECT _latin1 b'1000001'; SELECT _utf8mb4 ... A ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-literal.html
Examples: SELECT 'abc'; SELECT _latin1'abc'; SELECT _binary'abc'; SELECT _utf8mb4'abc' COLLATE utf8mb4_danish_ci; Character set introducers and the COLLATE clause are implemented according to standard SQL specifications. Every character string ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-national.html
Thus, using NATIONAL CHARACTER or one of its synonyms to define the character set for a database, table, or column raises a warning similar to this one: NATIONAL/NCHAR/NVARCHAR implies the character set UTF8MB3, which will be replaced by UTF8MB4 in ... Standard SQL defines NCHAR or NATIONAL CHAR as a way to indicate that a CHAR column should use some predefined character ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-repertoire.html
Consider these statements: SET NAMES utf8mb4; SELECT 'abc'; SELECT _utf8mb4'def'; Although the character set is utf8mb4 in each of the preceding cases, the strings do not actually contain any characters outside the ASCII range, so their repertoire ... The repertoire of a character set is the collection of characters in the ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-utf32.html
The utf32 character set is fixed length (like ucs2 and unlike utf16). utf32 uses 32 bits for every character, unlike ucs2 (which uses 16 bits for every character), and unlike utf16 (which uses 16 bits for some characters and 32 bits for others).
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset.html
The default MySQL server character set and collation are utf8mb4 and utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, but you can specify character sets at the server, database, table, column, and string literal levels. To maximize interoperability and future-proofing of your ... MySQL includes character set support that enables you to store data using a variety of character sets and perform comparisons according to a variety of ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-table-foreign-keys.html
row *************************** Table: child Create Table: CREATE TABLE `child` ( `id` int DEFAULT NULL, `parent_id` int DEFAULT NULL, KEY `par_ind` (`parent_id`), CONSTRAINT `child_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`parent_id`) REFERENCES `parent` (`id`) ON ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/data-masking-plugin-functions.html
Prior to MySQL 8.0.19, the functions treat string arguments as binary strings (which means they do not distinguish lettercase), and string return values are binary strings. If a MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification function is invoked ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/data-size.html
The compact family of row formats also optimizes CHAR column storage when using a variable-length character set such as utf8mb3 or utf8mb4. Many languages can be written primarily using single-byte utf8mb3or utf8mb4 characters, so a fixed storage ...