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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-general.html
The letter A is a symbol, the number 0 is the encoding for A, and the combination of all four letters and their encodings is a character set. A character set is a set of symbols and encodings. A collation is a set of rules for comparing characters ...Suppose that we have an alphabet with four letters: A, B, a, ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-server.html
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=latin1 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=latin1_german1_ci Both mysqld and CMake verify that the character set/collation combination is valid. MySQL Server has a server character set and a server collation. Initially, the server character set ...By default, these are utf8mb4 and utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, but they can be set explicitly at server startup on the command line or in an option file and changed at ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html
All international alphabetic characters outside the A-Z range are treated as vowels. ASCII(str) Returns the numeric value of the leftmost character of the string str. [USING charset_name]) CHAR() interprets each argument N as an integer and returns ...For functions that operate on string positions, the first position is numbered ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-utf16.html
The utf16 character set is the ucs2 character set with an extension that enables encoding of supplementary characters: For a BMP character, utf16 and ucs2 have identical storage characteristics: same code values, same encoding, same length. For a ...This is called the “surrogate” mechanism: For a number greater than 0xffff, take 10 bits and add them to 0xd800 and put them in the first 16-bit word, take 10 more bits and add them to 0xdc00 and put them in the next 16-bit ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/fips-mode.html
MySQL supports FIPS mode when a supported OpenSSL library and FIPS Object Module are available on the host system. FIPS mode on the server side applies to cryptographic operations performed by the server. This includes replication (source/replica ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-utf8mb4.html
The utf8mb4 character set has these characteristics: Supports BMP and supplementary characters. utf8mb4 contrasts with the utf8mb3 character set, which supports only BMP characters and uses a maximum of three bytes per character: For a BMP ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions-charset.html
This section answers the question: What is the character set and collation of such a string? For simple functions that take string input and return a string result as output, the output's character set and collation are the same as those of the ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-restrictions.html
Identifiers are stored in mysql database tables (user, db, and so forth) using utf8mb3, but identifiers can contain only characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). The ucs2, utf16, utf16le, and utf32 character sets have the following ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-syntax.html
There are default settings for character sets and collations at four levels: server, database, table, and column. CHARACTER SET is used in clauses that specify a character set. Character set issues affect not only data storage, but also ...The ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-utf32.html
The utf32 character set is fixed length (like ucs2 and unlike utf16). utf32 uses 32 bits for every character, unlike ucs2 (which uses 16 bits for every character), and unlike utf16 (which uses 16 bits for some characters and 32 bits for others).