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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-restrictions.html
Identifiers are stored in mysql database tables (user, db, and so forth) using utf8mb3, but identifiers can contain only characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). The ucs2, utf16, utf16le, and utf32 character sets have the following ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-se-me-sets.html
South European and Middle Eastern character sets supported by MySQL include Armenian, Arabic, Georgian, Greek, Hebrew, and Turkish. armscii8 (ARMSCII-8 Armenian) collations: armscii8_bin armscii8_general_ci (default) cp1256 (Windows Arabic) ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-server.html
MySQL Server has a server character set and a server collation. By default, these are utf8mb4 and utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, but they can be set explicitly at server startup on the command line or in an option file and changed at runtime. Initially, the ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-table.html
Every table has a table character set and a table collation. The CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE statements have optional clauses for specifying the table character set and collation: CREATE TABLE tbl_name (column_list) [[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-conversion.html
This section describes issues that you may face when converting character data between the utf8mb3 and utf8mb4 character sets. Note This discussion focuses primarily on converting between utf8mb3 and utf8mb4, but similar principles apply to ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-ucs2.html
Note The ucs2 character set is deprecated in MySQL 8.0.28; expect it to be removed in a future MySQL release. In UCS-2, every character is represented by a 2-byte Unicode code with the most significant byte first. For example: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-utf16.html
The utf16 character set is the ucs2 character set with an extension that enables encoding of supplementary characters: For a BMP character, utf16 and ucs2 have identical storage characteristics: same code values, same encoding, same length. For a ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-utf16le.html
This is the same as utf16 but is little-endian rather than big-endian.
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-utf32.html
The utf32 character set is fixed length (like ucs2 and unlike utf16). utf32 uses 32 bits for every character, unlike ucs2 (which uses 16 bits for every character), and unlike utf16 (which uses 16 bits for some characters and 32 bits for others).
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-utf8.html
utf8 has been used by MySQL in the past as an alias for the utf8mb3 character set, but this usage is now deprecated; in MySQL 8.0, SHOW statements and columns of INFORMATION_SCHEMA tables display utf8mb3 instead. For more information, see Section ...