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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-literal.html
Every character string literal has a character set and a collation. For the simple statement SELECT 'string', the string has the connection default character set and collation defined by the character_set_connection and collation_connection system ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-metadata.html
Metadata is “the data about the data.” Anything that describes the database—as opposed to being the contents of the database—is metadata. Thus column names, database names, user names, version names, and most of the string results from SHOW ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-national.html
Standard SQL defines NCHAR or NATIONAL CHAR as a way to indicate that a CHAR column should use some predefined character set. For example, these data type declarations are equivalent: CHAR(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 NATIONAL CHARACTER(10) NCHAR(10) As ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-repertoire.html
The repertoire of a character set is the collection of characters in the set. String expressions have a repertoire attribute, which can have two values: ASCII: The expression can contain only ASCII characters; that is, characters in the Unicode ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-restrictions.html
Identifiers are stored in mysql database tables (user, db, and so forth) using utf8mb3, but identifiers can contain only characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). The ucs2, utf16, utf16le, and utf32 character sets have the following ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-se-me-sets.html
South European and Middle Eastern character sets supported by MySQL include Armenian, Arabic, Georgian, Greek, Hebrew, and Turkish. armscii8 (ARMSCII-8 Armenian) collations: armscii8_bin armscii8_general_ci (default) cp1256 (Windows Arabic) ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-server.html
MySQL Server has a server character set and a server collation. By default, these are utf8mb4 and utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, but they can be set explicitly at server startup on the command line or in an option file and changed at runtime. Initially, the ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-table.html
Every table has a table character set and a table collation. The CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE statements have optional clauses for specifying the table character set and collation: CREATE TABLE tbl_name (column_list) [[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-conversion.html
This section describes issues that you may face when converting character data between the utf8mb3 and utf8mb4 character sets. Note This discussion focuses primarily on converting between utf8mb3 and utf8mb4, but similar principles apply to ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-ucs2.html
Note The ucs2 character set is deprecated in MySQL 8.0.28; expect it to be removed in a future MySQL release. In UCS-2, every character is represented by a 2-byte Unicode code with the most significant byte first. For example: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ...