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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-database.html
Every database has a database character set and a database collation. The CREATE DATABASE and ALTER DATABASE statements have optional clauses for specifying the database character set and collation: CREATE DATABASE db_name [[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-errors.html
This section describes how the MySQL server uses character sets for constructing error messages. For information about the language of error messages (rather than the character set), see Section 12.12, “Setting the Error Message Language”. For ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-examples.html
The following examples show how MySQL determines default character set and collation values. Example 1: Table and Column Definition CREATE TABLE t1 ( c1 CHAR(10) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_german1_ci ) DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin2 COLLATE ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-gb18030.html
In MySQL, the gb18030 character set corresponds to the “Chinese National Standard GB 18030-2005: Information technology — Chinese coded character set”, which is the official character set of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-general.html
A character set is a set of symbols and encodings. A collation is a set of rules for comparing characters in a character set. Let's make the distinction clear with an example of an imaginary character set. Suppose that we have an alphabet with four ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-introducer.html
A character string literal, hexadecimal literal, or bit-value literal may have an optional character set introducer and COLLATE clause, to designate it as a string that uses a particular character set and collation: [_charset_name] literal [COLLATE ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-literal.html
Every character string literal has a character set and a collation. For the simple statement SELECT 'string', the string has the connection default character set and collation defined by the character_set_connection and collation_connection system ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-metadata.html
Metadata is “the data about the data.” Anything that describes the database—as opposed to being the contents of the database—is metadata. Thus column names, database names, user names, version names, and most of the string results from SHOW ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-national.html
Standard SQL defines NCHAR or NATIONAL CHAR as a way to indicate that a CHAR column should use some predefined character set. For example, these data type declarations are equivalent: CHAR(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 NATIONAL CHARACTER(10) NCHAR(10) As ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-repertoire.html
The repertoire of a character set is the collection of characters in the set. String expressions have a repertoire attribute, which can have two values: ASCII: The expression can contain only ASCII characters; that is, characters in the Unicode ...