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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/char.html
Note For more information about MySQL character sets and collations, see Chapter 12, Character Sets, Collations, Unicode. The CHAR and VARCHAR types are similar, but differ in the way they are stored and retrieved. They also differ in maximum ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-applications.html
Note If you use ALTER DATABASE to change the database default character set or collation, existing stored routines in the database that use those defaults must be dropped and recreated so that they use the new defaults. For applications that store ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-binary-collations.html
This section describes how the binary collation for binary strings compares to _bin collations for nonbinary strings. Binary strings (as stored using the BINARY, VARBINARY, and BLOB data types) have a character set and collation named binary.
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-binary-set.html
Note Within the mysql client, binary strings display using hexadecimal notation, depending on the value of the --binary-as-hex. The binary character set is the character set for binary strings, which are sequences of bytes. Comparison and sorting ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-collation-information-schema.html
Note It is prohibited to start the server with a lower_case_table_names setting that is different from the setting used when the server was initialized. String columns in INFORMATION_SCHEMA tables have a collation of utf8mb3_general_ci, which is ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-conversion.html
Note ALTER TABLE statements which make changes in table or column character sets or collations must be performed using ALGORITHM=COPY. To convert a binary or nonbinary string column to use a particular character set, use ALTER TABLE. For successful ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-ucs2.html
Note The ucs2 character set is deprecated in MySQL 8.0.28; expect it to be removed in a future MySQL release. In UCS-2, every character is represented by a 2-byte Unicode code with the most significant byte first. For example: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-utf8.html
utf8 has been used by MySQL in the past as an alias for the utf8mb3 character set, but this usage is now deprecated; in MySQL 8.0, SHOW statements and columns of INFORMATION_SCHEMA tables display utf8mb3 instead. For more information, see Section ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-utf8mb3.html
The utf8mb3 character set has these characteristics: Supports BMP characters only (no support for supplementary characters) Requires a maximum of three bytes per multibyte character. Applications that use UTF-8 data but require supplementary ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode.html
Note The utf8mb3 character set is deprecated and you should expect it to be removed in a future MySQL release. The Unicode Standard includes characters from the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) and supplementary characters that lie outside the BMP.