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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-collations.html
The following sections discuss various aspects of character set collations.
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-column.html
Every “character” column (that is, a column of type CHAR, VARCHAR, a TEXT type, or any synonym) has a column character set and a column collation. CREATE TABLE t1 ( col1 CHAR(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci ) CHARACTER SET ...If you use ALTER TABLE to convert a column from one character set to another, MySQL attempts to map the data values, but if the character sets are incompatible, there may be data ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-mysql.html
For more complete information, see Section 12.10, “Supported Character Sets and Collations”. mysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET; +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description | Default collation | ... MySQL Server supports multiple character sets, including several Unicode character ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-database.html
Every database has a database character set and a database collation. The CREATE DATABASE and ALTER DATABASE statements have optional clauses for specifying the database character set and collation: CREATE DATABASE db_name [[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET ...Database options are stored in the data dictionary and can be examined by checking the Information Schema SCHEMATA ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-literal.html
Every character string literal has a character set and a collation. For the simple statement SELECT 'string', the string has the connection default character set and collation defined by the character_set_connection and collation_connection system ...It tells the parser, “the string that follows uses character set charset_name.” An introducer does not change the string to the introducer character set like CONVERT() would ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions-charset.html
This section answers the question: What is the character set and collation of such a string? For simple functions that take string input and return a string result as output, the output's character set and collation are the same as those of the ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-table.html
Every table has a table character set and a table collation. The CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE statements have optional clauses for specifying the table character set and collation: CREATE TABLE tbl_name (column_list) [[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-examples.html
The following examples show how MySQL determines default character set and collation values. Example 1: Table and Column Definition CREATE TABLE t1 ( c1 CHAR(10) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_german1_ci ) DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin2 COLLATE ...Notice that there is no problem with storing a latin1 column in a latin2 ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-applications.html
For applications that store data using the default MySQL character set and collation (utf8mb4, utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci), no special configuration should be needed. If applications require data storage using a different character set or collation, you ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-general.html
A collation is a set of rules for comparing characters in a character set. What we've just done is apply a collation to our character set. The collation is a set of rules (only one rule in this case): “compare the encodings.” We call this ... A ...