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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode.html
MySQL supports these Unicode character sets: utf8mb4: A UTF-8 encoding of the Unicode character set using one to four bytes per character. This character set is deprecated in MySQL 8.0, and you should use utf8mb4 instead. utf8 is expected in a ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html
For example, utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci and utf8mb3_unicode_520_ci work according to UCA 9.0.0 and 5.2.0, respectively, whereas utf8mb3_unicode_ci works according to UCA 4.0.0. For functions that operate on string positions, the first position is numbered 1. For functions that take length arguments, noninteger arguments are rounded to the nearest ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-binary-collations.html
utf8mb4 is an exception that has two binary collations, utf8mb4_bin and utf8mb4_0900_bin; see Section 12.10.1, “Unicode Character Sets”. The differing behaviors can be demonstrated using the two utf8mb4 binary collations, one of which is PAD ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/alter-table.html
To change the default table character set: ALTER TABLE t1 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4; See also Changing the Character Set. The character set change is from utf8mb3 to utf8mb4, or any character set to binary. If the column is converted to utf8mb4, each ... ALTER TABLE tbl_name [alter_option [, alter_option] ...] [partition_options] alter_option: { table_options | ADD [COLUMN] col_name column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name] | ADD [COLUMN] (col_name column_definition,...) | ADD {INDEX | KEY} [index_name] [index_type] (key_part,...) [index_option] ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-server.html
By default, these are utf8mb4 and utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, but they can be set explicitly at server startup on the command line or in an option file and changed at runtime. If you don't specify a character set, that is the same as saying ... MySQL Server ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-column.html
CREATE TABLE t1 ( col1 CHAR(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci ) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin; The character set and collation are specified for the column, so they are used. CREATE TABLE t1 ( col1 CHAR(10) CHARACTER SET ... Every “character” column (that is, a column of type CHAR, VARCHAR, a TEXT type, or any synonym) has a column character set and a column ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-utf8mb3.html
Applications that use UTF-8 data but require supplementary character support should use utf8mb4 rather than utf8mb3 (see Section 12.9.1, “The utf8mb4 Character Set (4-Byte UTF-8 Unicode Encoding)”). Since changing character sets can be a complex ... The utf8mb3 character set has these characteristics: Supports BMP characters only (no support for supplementary characters) Requires a maximum of three bytes per multibyte ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-row-format.html
For example, a CHAR(255) column can exceed 768 bytes if the maximum byte length of the character set is greater than 3, as it is with utf8mb4. For example, a CHAR(255) column can exceed 768 bytes if the maximum byte length of the character set is ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysql-nutshell.html
The utf8mb4 character set has several new collations, including utf8mb4_ja_0900_as_cs, the first Japanese language-specific collation available for Unicode in MySQL. Previously, when more than one language had the exact same collation definition, ...
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-type-syntax.html
The string data types are CHAR, VARCHAR, BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB, TEXT, ENUM, and SET. In some cases, MySQL may change a string column to a type different from that given in a CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE statement. For definitions of character ...