Pre-filtering limits which event information is collected and is
      independent of any particular user. By contrast, post-filtering is
      performed by individual users through the use of queries with
      appropriate WHERE clauses that restrict what
      event information to select from the events available after
      pre-filtering has been applied.
    
      In Section 29.4.3, “Event Pre-Filtering”, an example
      showed how to pre-filter for file instruments. If the event tables
      contain both file and nonfile information, post-filtering is
      another way to see information only for file events. Add a
      WHERE clause to queries to restrict event
      selection appropriately:
    
mysql> SELECT THREAD_ID, NUMBER_OF_BYTES
       FROM performance_schema.events_waits_history
       WHERE EVENT_NAME LIKE 'wait/io/file/%'
       AND NUMBER_OF_BYTES IS NOT NULL;
+-----------+-----------------+
| THREAD_ID | NUMBER_OF_BYTES |
+-----------+-----------------+
|        11 |              66 |
|        11 |              47 |
|        11 |             139 |
|         5 |              24 |
|         5 |             834 |
+-----------+-----------------+
      Most Performance Schema tables have indexes, which gives the
      optimizer access to execution plans other than full table scans.
      These indexes also improve performance for related objects, such
      as sys schema views that use those
      tables. For more information, see
      Section 10.2.4, “Optimizing Performance Schema Queries”.