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Íà÷èíàÿ ðàáîòàòü ñ MySQL

: , poxuxol@rambler.ru
( : http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/mysql_intro.html)

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MySQL: my.cnf

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, MySQL my.cnf . - my-huge.cnf.sh, my-large.cnf.sh, my-medium.cnf.sh my-small.cnf.sh. .

MySQL

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MySQL

MySQL, MySQL, , MySQL, , . mysql . :

%>mysql [options] [database]
[options] mysql, [database] - . , , MySQL, , : 
%>mysql --help
, mysql. , , . , : 
%>mysql -u root
: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8 to server version: 3.23.28-gamma-log

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer

mysql>
! MySQL root. MySQL , . , root , . ( ) - : 
mysql>SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('secret_password');

'root' 'localhost' MySQL. , , :'localhost' - , . . , MySQL. , 'root'@'localhost', MySQL 'root', (.. 'localhost'). : MySQL. , mysql, MySQL. : , password , user 'root'. password , Password().

. , , . . .

: 
%>mysqladmin -u root  password 'secret_password'

, .

MySQL

, MySQL : 
mysql>\q

. , :

%>mysql -u root -p

root:

Enter password:

, , root. , MySQL root MySQL.

!

mysql :

%>mysql -u root -psecret_password

! , , ! , , , 'ps' Unix .

~/.my.cnf. , , " MySQL: my.cnf".

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  • mysql. , MySQL mysql:
    • %>mysql -u root -p mysql

    , , mysql . . , mysql --help, , -u root -p [options] , mysql [database].

  • , use: 
    mysql>use mydatabase

mydatabase.

mysqladmin

mysqladmin MySQL. : , , MySQL. :

%>mysqladmin [options] command(s)

[options] - mysqladmin, [database] - . , , MySQL, , :

%>mysqladmin --help

mysqladmin. mysqladmin widgets, MySQL. :

%>mysqladmin -u root -p create widgets
Enter Password:

mysqladmin . , . , - .

MySQL , . " MySQL" , mysql. , , widgets. .

. SQL-, INSERT, UPDATE DELETE. , , GRANT REVOKE. .., .

Grant

GRANT - , . Ÿ :

mysql>GRANT priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)] ...]
      ON {tbl_name | * | *.* | db_name.*}
      TO user_name [IDENTIFIED BY 'password']
      [, user_name [IDENTIFIED BY 'password'] ...]
      [WITH GRANT OPTION]

, GRANT, . GRANT . widgets:

mysql>GRANT usage ON *.* TO widgetAdmin@localhost
    ->IDENTIFIED BY 'ilovewidgets';

widgetAdmin, MySQL localhost ilovewidgets. , . MySQL ! mysql :

mysql>SELECT * FROM user;

, widgetAdmin, N . , user . : - Y, MySQL. N.

? , usage . , , widgetAdmin SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE DELETE widget. GRANT:

mysql>GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
    ->ON widgets.* TO widgetAdmin@localhost;

widgetAdmin .

, . 1-1 .

1-1: , GRANT REVOKE

ALL PRIVILEGESFILERELOAD
ALTERINDEXSELECT
CREATEINSERTSHUTDOWN
DELETEPROCESSUPDATE
DROPREFERENCESUSAGE

:

mysql>SELECT * FROM db;

, db widgetAdmin, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE DELETE Y.

, , , :

mysql>GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
    ->ON widgets.* TO widgetAdmin@localhost
    ->IDENTIFIED BY 'ilovewidgets';

, widgetAdmin , user db .

, . .

Revoke

REVOKE , . :

REVOKE priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)] ...]
       ON {tbl_name | * | *.* | db_name.*}
       FROM user_name [, user_name ...]

GRANT, , - . , DELETE widgetAdmin. :

mysql>REVOKE DELETE ON widgets.*
    ->FROM widgetAdmin@localhost;

. 1-1, , REVOKE.

, , REVOKE ( ), . :

mysql>REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON widgets.*
    ->FROM widgetAdmin@localhost;

, widgetAdmin , ! , DELETE:

mysql>DELETE FROM user WHERE user = 'widgetAdmin';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>flush privileges;

MySQL. , user DELETE, .

, - : . MySQL: mysqldump mysqlhotcopy.

mysqldump

mysqldump . , mysqldump ( mysqlhotcopy, ), , SQL-, MySQL.

mysqldump , , , . , .

mysqldump :

%>mysqldump [options] db_name

mysqldump : 

%>mysqldump [options] db_name table1 table2 . . . tableN

mysqldump : 

%>mysqldump [options] --databases [options] db_name1 db_name2 . . . db_nameN

mysqldump : 

%>mysqldump [options] --all-databases [options]

mysqldump :

%>mysqldump --help

:

widgets : 

%>mysqldump -u root -p --opt widgets

, . , --no-create-info, :

%>mysqldump -u root -p --no-create-info widgets

- . --no-data, :

%>mysqldump -u root -p --no-data widgets

mysqldump MySQL, '--opt'. , , MySQL, .

mysqldump , , . .

mysqlhotcopy

mysqlhotcopy - perl, SQL- . , , , . MySQL, , , .

mysqlhotcopy , , , . , .

mysqlhotcopy : 

%>mysqlhotcopy [options] db_name /path/to/new_directory

mysqlhotcopy : 

%>mysqlhotcopy [options] db_name_1 ... db_name_n /path/to/new_directory

mysqlhotcopy , : 

%>mysqlhotcopy [options] db_name./regex/

, :

%>mysqlhotcopy --help

:
mysqlhotcopy, widgets "/usr/mysql/backups/". :

%>mysqlhotcopy -u root -p widgets /usr/mysql/backups

, , widgets : "products2000", "products2001", "clientele2000" "clientele2001", . , 2000 :

%>mysqlhotcopy -u root -p widgets./^.+('2000')$/ /usr/mysql/backups
/^.+('2000')$/ mysqlhotcopy , "2000".

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, my.cnf, .