Learn about new MySQL releases, technical articles, events and more.
: , poxuxol@rambler.ru
( : http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/mysql_intro.html)
MySQL AB MySQL . MySQL, , ODBC , , , . , MySQL. . .
, MySQL. MySQL , , MySQL, . , mysql ( mysql_install_db), MySQL safe_mysqld. , "Post-Installation Setup and Testing" MySQL.
, , , SQL (Structured Query Language). SQL, :
, , , , . , configure, make make install, . , . , MySQL.
, , . , : " ?".
, MySQL . , , , , . , , , , MySQL, , . , , , MySQL.
, , , MySQL. my.cnf, , . MySQL , .
, . MySQL, /etc/my.cnf. MySQL, , (/usr/local/mysql/data , /usr/local/var ). , , MySQL (~/.my.cnf). , , my.cnf /etc/my.cnf ( MySQL ), , . /etc/my.cnf, mysql-data-dir/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf.
, MySQL my.cnf . - my-huge.cnf.sh, my-large.cnf.sh, my-medium.cnf.sh my-small.cnf.sh. .
, , ( !) MySQL - : MySQL. MySQL . , , MySQL, , , . , , MySQL . , , , , . , , , .
, , , MySQL. , , , , , , /, . , (. ).
MySQL, MySQL, , MySQL, , . mysql . :
%>mysql [options] [database][options] mysql, [database] - . , , MySQL, , :
%>mysql --help, mysql. , , . , :
%>mysql -u root:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 to server version: 3.23.28-gamma-log Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer mysql>! MySQL root. MySQL , . , root , . ( ) - :
mysql>SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('secret_password');
'root' 'localhost' MySQL. , , :'localhost' - , . . , MySQL. , 'root'@'localhost', MySQL 'root', (.. 'localhost'). : MySQL. , mysql, MySQL. : , password , user 'root'. password , Password().
. , , . . .
:%>mysqladmin -u root password 'secret_password'
, .
mysql>\q
. , :
%>mysql -u root -p
root:
Enter password:
, , root. , MySQL root MySQL.
!mysql :
%>mysql -u root -psecret_password
! , , ! , , , 'ps' Unix .
~/.my.cnf. , , " MySQL: my.cnf".
, MySQL, . . :
%>mysql -u root -p mysql
, , mysql . . , mysql --help, , -u root -p [options] , mysql [database].
mysql>use mydatabase
mydatabase.
mysqladmin MySQL. : , , MySQL. :
%>mysqladmin [options] command(s)
[options] - mysqladmin, [database] - . , , MySQL, , :
%>mysqladmin --help
mysqladmin. mysqladmin widgets, MySQL. :
%>mysqladmin -u root -p create widgets Enter Password:
mysqladmin . , . , - .
MySQL , . " MySQL" , mysql. , , widgets. .
. SQL-, INSERT, UPDATE DELETE. , , GRANT REVOKE. .., .
GRANT - , . Ÿ :
mysql>GRANT priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)] ...]
ON {tbl_name | * | *.* | db_name.*}
TO user_name [IDENTIFIED BY 'password']
[, user_name [IDENTIFIED BY 'password'] ...]
[WITH GRANT OPTION]
, GRANT, . GRANT . widgets:
mysql>GRANT usage ON *.* TO widgetAdmin@localhost
->IDENTIFIED BY 'ilovewidgets';
widgetAdmin, MySQL localhost ilovewidgets. , . MySQL ! mysql :
mysql>SELECT * FROM user;
, widgetAdmin, N . , user . : - Y, MySQL. N.
? , usage . , , widgetAdmin SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE DELETE widget. GRANT:
mysql>GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
->ON widgets.* TO widgetAdmin@localhost;
widgetAdmin .
, . 1-1 .
1-1: , GRANT REVOKE
| ALL PRIVILEGES | FILE | RELOAD |
| ALTER | INDEX | SELECT |
| CREATE | INSERT | SHUTDOWN |
| DELETE | PROCESS | UPDATE |
| DROP | REFERENCES | USAGE |
:
mysql>SELECT * FROM db;
, db widgetAdmin, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE DELETE Y.
, , , :
mysql>GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
->ON widgets.* TO widgetAdmin@localhost
->IDENTIFIED BY 'ilovewidgets';
, widgetAdmin , user db .
, . .
REVOKE , . :
REVOKE priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)] ...]
ON {tbl_name | * | *.* | db_name.*}
FROM user_name [, user_name ...]
GRANT, , - . , DELETE widgetAdmin. :
mysql>REVOKE DELETE ON widgets.*
->FROM widgetAdmin@localhost;
. 1-1, , REVOKE.
, , REVOKE ( ), . :
mysql>REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON widgets.*
->FROM widgetAdmin@localhost;
, widgetAdmin , ! , DELETE:
mysql>DELETE FROM user WHERE user = 'widgetAdmin'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql>flush privileges;
MySQL. , user DELETE, .
, - : . MySQL: mysqldump mysqlhotcopy.
mysqldump . , mysqldump ( mysqlhotcopy, ), , SQL-, MySQL.
mysqldump , , , . , .
mysqldump :
%>mysqldump [options] db_name
mysqldump :
%>mysqldump [options] db_name table1 table2 . . . tableN
mysqldump :
%>mysqldump [options] --databases [options] db_name1 db_name2 . . . db_nameN
mysqldump :
%>mysqldump [options] --all-databases [options]
mysqldump :
%>mysqldump --help
:
widgets :
%>mysqldump -u root -p --opt widgets
, . , --no-create-info, :
%>mysqldump -u root -p --no-create-info widgets
- . --no-data, :
%>mysqldump -u root -p --no-data widgets
mysqldump MySQL, '--opt'. , , MySQL, .
mysqldump , , . .
mysqlhotcopy - perl, SQL- . , , , . MySQL, , , .
mysqlhotcopy , , , . , .
mysqlhotcopy :
%>mysqlhotcopy [options] db_name /path/to/new_directory
mysqlhotcopy :
%>mysqlhotcopy [options] db_name_1 ... db_name_n /path/to/new_directory
mysqlhotcopy , :
%>mysqlhotcopy [options] db_name./regex/
, :
%>mysqlhotcopy --help
:
mysqlhotcopy, widgets "/usr/mysql/backups/". :
%>mysqlhotcopy -u root -p widgets /usr/mysql/backups
, , widgets : "products2000", "products2001", "clientele2000" "clientele2001", . , 2000 :
%>mysqlhotcopy -u root -p widgets./^.+('2000')$/ /usr/mysql/backups
/^.+('2000')$/ mysqlhotcopy , "2000".
, MySQL. , - , " ", , MySQL.
, my.cnf, .
