MySQL 9.0.0
Source Code Documentation
Protocol::HandshakeV10

Initial handshake packet for protocol version 10.

Payload
TypeNameDescription
int<1> protocol version Always 10
string<NUL> server version human readable status information
int<4> thread id a.k.a. connection id
string[8] auth-plugin-data-part-1 first 8 bytes of the plugin provided data (scramble)
int<1> filler 0x00 byte, terminating the first part of a scramble
int<2> capability_flags_1 The lower 2 bytes of the Capabilities Flags
int<1> character_set default server a_protocol_character_set, only the lower 8-bits
int<2> status_flags SERVER_STATUS_flags_enum
int<2> capability_flags_2 The upper 2 bytes of the Capabilities Flags
if capabilities & CLIENT_PLUGIN_AUTH {
int<1> auth_plugin_data_len length of the combined auth_plugin_data (scramble), if auth_plugin_data_len is > 0
} else {
int<1> 00 constant 0x00
}
string[10] reserved reserved. All 0s.
$length auth-plugin-data-part-2 Rest of the plugin provided data (scramble), $len=MAX(13, length of auth-plugin-data - 8)
if capabilities & CLIENT_PLUGIN_AUTH {
NULL auth_plugin_name name of the auth_method that the auth_plugin_data belongs to
}

If the client supports SSL (Capabilities Flags & CLIENT_SSL is on and the mysql_ssl_mode of the client is not SSL_MODE_DISABLED) a short package called Protocol::SSLRequest: is sent, causing the server to establish an SSL layer and wait for the next package from the client.

Client then returns Protocol::HandshakeResponse:

At any time, at any error, the client will just disconnect.

See also
send_server_handshake_packet mysql_real_connect