MySQL 9.1.0
Source Code Documentation
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Strings are sequences of bytes and appear in a few forms in the protocol.
Fixed-length strings have a known, hardcoded length.
An example is the sql-state of the ERR_Packet which is always 5 bytes long.
Strings that are terminated by a 00
byte.
The length of the string is determined by another field or is calculated at runtime
A length encoded string is a string that is prefixed with length encoded integer describing the length of the string.
It is a special case of Protocol::VariableLengthString
If a string is the last component of a packet, its length can be calculated from the overall packet length minus the current position.