MySQL 8.4.3
Source Code Documentation
Query Optimizer

Namespaces

namespace  anonymous_namespace{sql_select.cc}
 

Classes

class  Plan_change_watchdog
 It is not obvious to see that test_if_skip_sort_order() never changes the plan if no_changes is true. More...
 
class  COND_CMP
 

Macros

#define KEY_OPTIMIZE_EXISTS   1
 
#define KEY_OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL   2
 

Typedefs

using Global_tables_iterator = IntrusiveListIterator< Table_ref, &Table_ref::next_global >
 
using Global_tables_list = IteratorContainer< Global_tables_iterator >
 A list interface over the Table_ref::next_global pointer. More...
 

Functions

static bool optimize_semijoin_nests_for_materialization (JOIN *join)
 Optimize semi-join nests that could be run with sj-materialization. More...
 
static void calculate_materialization_costs (JOIN *join, Table_ref *sj_nest, uint n_tables, Semijoin_mat_optimize *sjm)
 For {semijoin,subquery} materialization: calculates various cost information, based on a plan in join->best_positions covering the to-be-materialized query block and only this. More...
 
static bool make_join_query_block (JOIN *join, Item *cond)
 Separates the predicates in a join condition and pushes them to the join step where all involved tables are available in the join prefix. More...
 
static bool list_contains_unique_index (JOIN_TAB *tab, bool(*find_func)(Field *, void *), void *data)
 Check if GROUP BY/DISTINCT can be optimized away because the set is already known to be distinct. More...
 
static bool find_field_in_item_list (Field *field, void *data)
 Helper function for list_contains_unique_index. More...
 
static bool find_field_in_order_list (Field *field, void *data)
 Helper function for list_contains_unique_index. More...
 
static TABLEget_sort_by_table (ORDER *a, ORDER *b, Table_ref *tables)
 Return table number if there is only one table in sort order and group and order is compatible, else return 0. More...
 
static void trace_table_dependencies (Opt_trace_context *trace, JOIN_TAB *join_tabs, uint table_count)
 Writes to the optimizer trace information about dependencies between tables. More...
 
static bool update_ref_and_keys (THD *thd, Key_use_array *keyuse, JOIN_TAB *join_tab, uint tables, Item *cond, table_map normal_tables, Query_block *query_block, SARGABLE_PARAM **sargables)
 Update keyuse array with all possible keys we can use to fetch rows. More...
 
static bool pull_out_semijoin_tables (JOIN *join)
 Pull tables out of semi-join nests based on functional dependencies. More...
 
static void add_loose_index_scan_and_skip_scan_keys (JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab)
 Discover the indexes that might be used for GROUP BY or DISTINCT queries or indexes that might be used for SKIP SCAN. More...
 
static ha_rows get_quick_record_count (THD *thd, JOIN_TAB *tab, ha_rows limit, Item *condition)
 Returns estimated number of rows that could be fetched by given access method. More...
 
static bool only_eq_ref_tables (JOIN *join, ORDER *order, table_map tables, table_map *cached_eq_ref_tables, table_map *eq_ref_tables)
 
static bool setup_join_buffering (JOIN_TAB *tab, JOIN *join, uint no_jbuf_after)
 Set up join buffering for a specified table, if possible. More...
 
static bool test_if_skip_sort_order (JOIN_TAB *tab, ORDER_with_src &order, ha_rows select_limit, const bool no_changes, const Key_map *map, int *order_idx)
 Test if we can skip ordering by using an index. More...
 
static Item_func_matchtest_if_ft_index_order (ORDER *order)
 Test if ORDER BY is a single MATCH function(ORDER BY MATCH) and sort order is descending. More...
 
static uint32 get_key_length_tmp_table (Item *item)
 (end of group Query_Optimizer) More...
 
static bool can_switch_from_ref_to_range (THD *thd, JOIN_TAB *tab, enum_order ordering, bool recheck_range)
 A helper function to check whether it's better to use range than ref. More...
 
static bool has_not_null_predicate (Item *cond, Item_field *not_null_item)
 Check all existing AND'ed predicates in 'cond' for an existing 'is not null 'not_null_item''-predicate. More...
 
static void SaveCondEqualLists (COND_EQUAL *cond_equal)
 The List<Item_equal> in COND_EQUAL partially overlaps with the argument list in various Item_cond via C-style casts. More...
 
static void MoveUnstructuredToStructuredTrace (THD *thd)
 Move unstructured trace text (as used by Hypergraph) into the JSON tree. More...
 
bool substitute_gc (THD *thd, Query_block *query_block, Item *where_cond, ORDER *group_list, ORDER *order)
 Substitute all expressions in the WHERE condition and ORDER/GROUP lists that match generated columns (GC) expressions with GC fields, if any. More...
 
bool is_prefix_index (TABLE *table, uint idx)
 Test if this is a prefix index. More...
 
int test_if_order_by_key (ORDER_with_src *order_src, TABLE *table, uint idx, uint *used_key_parts, bool *skip_quick)
 Test if one can use the key to resolve ordering. More...
 
uint find_shortest_key (TABLE *table, const Key_map *usable_keys)
 Find shortest key suitable for full table scan. More...
 
bool is_subkey (KEY_PART_INFO *key_part, KEY_PART_INFO *ref_key_part, KEY_PART_INFO *ref_key_part_end)
 Test if a second key is the subkey of the first one. More...
 
static bool is_ref_or_null_optimized (const JOIN_TAB *tab, uint ref_key)
 Test if REF_OR_NULL optimization will be used if the specified ref_key is used for REF-access to 'tab'. More...
 
static uint test_if_subkey (ORDER_with_src *order, JOIN_TAB *tab, uint ref, uint ref_key_parts, const Key_map *usable_keys)
 Test if we can use one of the 'usable_keys' instead of 'ref' key for sorting. More...
 
static JOIN_TABalloc_jtab_array (THD *thd, uint table_count)
 
static void revise_cache_usage (JOIN_TAB *join_tab)
 
Item_equalfind_item_equal (COND_EQUAL *cond_equal, const Item_field *item_field, bool *inherited_fl)
 Find the multiple equality predicate containing a field. More...
 
Item_fieldget_best_field (Item_field *item_field, COND_EQUAL *cond_equal)
 Get the best field substitution for a given field. More...
 
static bool check_simple_equality (THD *thd, Item *left_item, Item *right_item, Item *item, COND_EQUAL *cond_equal, bool *simple_equality)
 Check whether an equality can be used to build multiple equalities. More...
 
static bool check_row_equality (THD *thd, Item *left_row, Item_row *right_row, COND_EQUAL *cond_equal, List< Item > *eq_list, bool *simple_equality)
 Convert row equalities into a conjunction of regular equalities. More...
 
static bool check_equality (THD *thd, Item *item, COND_EQUAL *cond_equal, List< Item > *eq_list, bool *equality)
 Eliminate row equalities and form multiple equalities predicates. More...
 
static bool build_equal_items_for_cond (THD *thd, Item *cond, Item **retcond, COND_EQUAL *inherited, bool do_inherit)
 Replace all equality predicates in a condition by multiple equality items. More...
 
static bool build_equal_items (THD *thd, Item *cond, Item **retcond, COND_EQUAL *inherited, bool do_inherit, mem_root_deque< Table_ref * > *join_list, COND_EQUAL **cond_equal_ref)
 Build multiple equalities for a WHERE condition and all join conditions that inherit these multiple equalities. More...
 
static int compare_fields_by_table_order (Item_field *field1, Item_field *field2, JOIN_TAB **table_join_idx)
 Compare field items by table order in the execution plan. More...
 
static Itemeliminate_item_equal (THD *thd, Item *cond, COND_EQUAL *upper_levels, Item_equal *item_equal)
 Generate minimal set of simple equalities equivalent to a multiple equality. More...
 
Itemsubstitute_for_best_equal_field (THD *thd, Item *cond, COND_EQUAL *cond_equal, JOIN_TAB **table_join_idx)
 Substitute every field reference in a condition by the best equal field and eliminate all multiple equality predicates. More...
 
static bool change_cond_ref_to_const (THD *thd, I_List< COND_CMP > *save_list, Item *and_father, Item *cond, Item *field, Item *value)
 change field = field to field = const for each found field = const in the and_level More...
 
static bool propagate_cond_constants (THD *thd, I_List< COND_CMP > *save_list, Item *and_father, Item *cond)
 Propagate constant values in a condition. More...
 
uint build_bitmap_for_nested_joins (mem_root_deque< Table_ref * > *join_list, uint first_unused)
 Assign each nested join structure a bit in nested_join_map. More...
 
double find_worst_seeks (const TABLE *table, double num_rows, double table_scan_cost)
 Find an artificial cap for ref access. More...
 
static void semijoin_types_allow_materialization (Table_ref *sj_nest)
 Check if semijoin's compared types allow materialization. More...
 
static bool check_skip_records_in_range_qualification (JOIN_TAB *tab, THD *thd)
 Index dive can be skipped if the following conditions are satisfied: F1) For a single table query: a) FORCE INDEX applies to a single index. More...
 
static uint get_tmp_table_rec_length (const mem_root_deque< Item * > &items)
 
static bool add_not_null_conds (JOIN *join)
 Add to join_tab[i]->condition() "table.field IS NOT NULL" conditions we've inferred from ref/eq_ref access performed. More...
 
bool uses_index_fields_only (Item *item, TABLE *tbl, uint keyno, bool other_tbls_ok)
 Check if given expression only uses fields covered by index keyno in the table tbl. More...
 
static bool find_eq_ref_candidate (Table_ref *tl, table_map sj_inner_tables)
 
static Key_fieldmerge_key_fields (Key_field *start, Key_field *new_fields, Key_field *end, uint and_level)
 Merge new key definitions to old ones, remove those not used in both. More...
 
static uint get_semi_join_select_list_index (Item_field *item_field)
 Given a field, return its index in semi-join's select list, or UINT_MAX. More...
 
static void warn_index_not_applicable (THD *thd, const Field *field, const Key_map cant_use_index)
 If EXPLAIN or if the –safe-updates option is enabled, add a warning that an index cannot be used for ref access. More...
 
static bool add_key_field (THD *thd, Key_field **key_fields, uint and_level, Item_func *cond, Item_field *item_field, bool eq_func, Item **value, uint num_values, table_map usable_tables, SARGABLE_PARAM **sargables)
 Add a possible key to array of possible keys if it's usable as a key. More...
 
static bool add_key_equal_fields (THD *thd, Key_field **key_fields, uint and_level, Item_func *cond, Item_field *field_item, bool eq_func, Item **val, uint num_values, table_map usable_tables, SARGABLE_PARAM **sargables)
 Add possible keys to array of possible keys originated from a simple predicate. More...
 
static bool is_local_field (Item *field)
 Check if an expression is a non-outer field. More...
 
static bool is_row_of_local_columns (Item_row *item_row)
 Check if a row constructor expression is over columns in the same query block. More...
 
bool add_key_fields (THD *thd, JOIN *join, Key_field **key_fields, uint *and_level, Item *cond, table_map usable_tables, SARGABLE_PARAM **sargables)
 The guts of the ref optimizer. More...
 
static bool add_key_part (Key_use_array *keyuse_array, Key_field *key_field)
 
static bool add_ft_keys (Key_use_array *keyuse_array, Item *cond, table_map usable_tables, bool simple_match_expr)
 Function parses WHERE condition and add key_use for FT index into key_use array if suitable MATCH function is found. More...
 
static bool sort_keyuse (const Key_use &a, const Key_use &b)
 Compares two keyuse elements. More...
 
static bool add_key_fields_for_nj (THD *thd, JOIN *join, Table_ref *nested_join_table, Key_field **end, uint *and_level, SARGABLE_PARAM **sargables)
 
static store_keyget_store_key (THD *thd, Item *val, table_map used_tables, table_map const_tables, const KEY_PART_INFO *key_part, uchar *key_buff, uint maybe_null)
 
static bool retry_with_secondary_engine (THD *thd)
 Checks if a query should be retried using a secondary storage engine. More...
 
bool is_show_cmd_using_system_view (THD *thd)
 Check whether the statement is a SHOW command using INFORMATION_SCHEMA system views. More...
 
static ulong get_max_execution_time (THD *thd)
 Get the maximum execution time for a statement. More...
 
static bool is_timer_applicable_to_statement (THD *thd)
 Check whether max statement time is applicable to statement or not. More...
 
bool set_statement_timer (THD *thd)
 Set the time until the currently running statement is aborted. More...
 
void reset_statement_timer (THD *thd)
 Deactivate the timer associated with the statement that was executed. More...
 
bool reads_not_secondary_columns (const LEX *lex)
 Checks if a query reads a column that is not available in the secondary engine (i.e. More...
 
static bool has_secondary_engine_defined (const LEX *lex)
 
static bool equal_engines (const LEX_CSTRING &engine1, const LEX_CSTRING &engine2)
 
const MYSQL_LEX_CSTRINGget_eligible_secondary_engine_from (const LEX *lex)
 
const handlertonget_secondary_engine_handlerton (const LEX *lex)
 Returns secondary_engine handler for the statement. More...
 
std::string_view get_secondary_engine_fail_reason (const LEX *lex)
 
std::string_view find_secondary_engine_fail_reason (const LEX *lex)
 
static bool set_secondary_engine_fail_reason (const LEX *lex, std::string_view reason)
 
void set_fail_reason_and_raise_error (const LEX *lex, std::string_view reason)
 
void find_and_set_offload_fail_reason (const LEX *lex)
 
bool validate_use_secondary_engine (const LEX *lex)
 Validates a query that uses the secondary engine. More...
 
bool has_external_table (const LEX *lex)
 Checks if any of the tables referenced belong to an external engine. More...
 
void accumulate_statement_cost (const LEX *lex)
 Calculates the cost of executing a statement, including all its subqueries and stores it in thd->m_current_query_cost. More...
 
bool optimize_secondary_engine (THD *thd)
 Perform query optimizations that are specific to a secondary storage engine. More...
 
void notify_plugins_after_select (THD *thd, const Sql_cmd *cmd)
 Notify plugins about an executed SELECT statement. More...
 
static bool check_locking_clause_access (THD *thd, Global_tables_list tables)
 Performs access check for the locking clause, if present. More...
 
bool types_allow_materialization (Item *outer, Item *inner)
 Check if two items are compatible wrt. More...
 
static bool sj_table_is_included (JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *join_tab)
 
SJ_TMP_TABLEcreate_sj_tmp_table (THD *thd, JOIN *join, SJ_TMP_TABLE_TAB *first_tab, SJ_TMP_TABLE_TAB *last_tab)
 Set up the support structures (NULL bits, row offsets, etc.) for a semijoin duplicate weedout table. More...
 
static bool setup_semijoin_dups_elimination (JOIN *join, uint no_jbuf_after)
 Setup the strategies to eliminate semi-join duplicates. More...
 
static void destroy_sj_tmp_tables (JOIN *join)
 
bool check_privileges_for_join (THD *thd, mem_root_deque< Table_ref * > *tables)
 Check privileges for column references in a JOIN expression. More...
 
bool check_privileges_for_list (THD *thd, const mem_root_deque< Item * > &items, Access_bitmask privileges)
 Check privileges for column references in an item list. More...
 
void calc_used_field_length (TABLE *table, bool needs_rowid, uint *p_used_fieldlength)
 Find how much space the previous read not const tables takes in cache. More...
 
void calc_length_and_keyparts (Key_use *keyuse, JOIN_TAB *tab, const uint key, table_map used_tables, Key_use **chosen_keyuses, uint *length_out, uint *keyparts_out, table_map *dep_map, bool *maybe_null)
 Calculate properties of ref key: key length, number of used key parts, dependency map, possibility of null. More...
 
bool init_ref (THD *thd, unsigned keyparts, unsigned length, unsigned keyno, Index_lookup *ref)
 Initialize the given TABLE_REF; setting basic fields and allocating memory for arrays. More...
 
bool init_ref_part (THD *thd, unsigned part_no, Item *val, bool *cond_guard, bool null_rejecting, table_map const_tables, table_map used_tables, bool nullable, const KEY_PART_INFO *key_part_info, uchar *key_buff, Index_lookup *ref)
 Initialize a given keypart in the table ref. More...
 
bool create_ref_for_key (JOIN *join, JOIN_TAB *j, Key_use *org_keyuse, table_map used_tables)
 Setup a ref access for looking up rows via an index (a key). More...
 
static store_key::store_key_result type_conversion_status_to_store_key (THD *thd, type_conversion_status ts)
 
bool and_conditions (Item **e1, Item *e2)
 Extend e1 by AND'ing e2 to the condition e1 points to. More...
 
static Itemmake_cond_for_index (Item *cond, TABLE *table, uint keyno, bool other_tbls_ok)
 
static Itemmake_cond_remainder (Item *cond, bool exclude_index)
 
bool make_join_readinfo (JOIN *join, uint no_jbuf_after)
 Plan refinement stage: do various setup things for the executor. More...
 
static void cleanup_table (TABLE *table)
 
ORDERsimple_remove_const (ORDER *order, Item *where)
 Filter out ORDER BY items that are equal to constants in WHERE condition. More...
 
bool equality_determines_uniqueness (const Item_func_comparison *func, const Item *v, const Item *c)
 Check if equality can be used to remove sub-clause of GROUP BY/ORDER BY. More...
 
bool equality_has_no_implicit_casts (const Item_func_comparison *func, const Item *item1, const Item *item2)
 Check whether equality between two items is exact, ie., there are no implicit casts involved. More...
 
static bool equal (const Item *i1, const Item *i2, const Field *f2)
 
bool check_field_is_const (Item *cond, const Item *order_item, const Field *order_field, Item **const_item)
 Check if a field is equal to a constant value in a condition. More...
 
void count_field_types (const Query_block *query_block, Temp_table_param *param, const mem_root_deque< Item * > &fields, bool reset_with_sum_func, bool save_sum_fields)
 Update TMP_TABLE_PARAM with count of the different type of fields. More...
 
bool test_if_subpart (ORDER *a, ORDER *b)
 Return 1 if second is a subpart of first argument. More...
 
void calc_group_buffer (JOIN *join, ORDER *group)
 calc how big buffer we need for comparing group entries. More...
 
void free_underlaid_joins (Query_block *select)
 Free joins of subselect of this select. More...
 
bool CreateFramebufferTable (THD *thd, const Temp_table_param &tmp_table_param, const Query_block &query_block, const mem_root_deque< Item * > &source_fields, const mem_root_deque< Item * > &window_output_fields, Func_ptr_array *mapping_from_source_to_window_output, Window *window)
 
bool test_if_cheaper_ordering (const JOIN_TAB *tab, ORDER_with_src *order, TABLE *table, Key_map usable_keys, int ref_key, ha_rows select_limit, int *new_key, int *new_key_direction, ha_rows *new_select_limit, uint *new_used_key_parts, uint *saved_best_key_parts, double *new_read_time)
 Find a cheaper access key than a given key. More...
 
uint get_index_for_order (ORDER_with_src *order, TABLE *table, ha_rows limit, AccessPath *range_scan, bool *need_sort, bool *reverse)
 Find a key to apply single table UPDATE/DELETE by a given ORDER. More...
 
uint actual_key_parts (const KEY *key_info)
 Returns number of key parts depending on OPTIMIZER_SWITCH_USE_INDEX_EXTENSIONS flag. More...
 
uint actual_key_flags (const KEY *key_info)
 Returns key flags depending on OPTIMIZER_SWITCH_USE_INDEX_EXTENSIONS flag. More...
 
join_type calc_join_type (AccessPath *path)
 
 JOIN::JOIN (THD *thd_arg, Query_block *select)
 
bool JOIN::alloc_ref_item_slice (THD *thd_arg, int sliceno)
 Allocate a ref_item slice, assume that slice size is in ref_items[0]. More...
 
bool JOIN::alloc_indirection_slices ()
 
bool JOIN::check_access_path_with_fts () const
 Checks if the chosen plan suffers from a problem related to full-text search and streaming aggregation, which is likely to cause wrong results or make the query misbehave in other ways, and raises an error if so. More...
 
bool JOIN::optimize (bool finalize_access_paths)
 Optimizes one query block into a query execution plan (QEP.) More...
 
void JOIN::change_to_access_path_without_in2exists ()
 If this query block was planned twice, once with and once without conditions added by in2exists, changes the root access path to the one without in2exists. More...
 
AccessPathJOIN::create_access_paths_for_zero_rows () const
 Create access paths with the knowledge that there are going to be zero rows coming from tables (before aggregation); typically because we know that all of them would be filtered away by WHERE (e.g. More...
 
bool JOIN::push_to_engines ()
 Handle offloading of query parts to the underlying engines, when such is supported by their implementation. More...
 
void JOIN::set_plan_state (enum_plan_state plan_state_arg)
 Sets the plan's state of the JOIN. More...
 
bool JOIN::alloc_qep (uint n)
 
void QEP_TAB::init (JOIN_TAB *jt)
 Initializes the object from a JOIN_TAB. More...
 
uint QEP_TAB::get_sj_strategy () const
 
uint QEP_TAB::effective_index () const
 Return the index used for a table in a QEP. More...
 
uint JOIN_TAB::get_sj_strategy () const
 
int JOIN::replace_index_subquery ()
 Check whether this is a subquery that can be evaluated by index look-ups. More...
 
bool JOIN::optimize_distinct_group_order ()
 Optimize DISTINCT, GROUP BY, ORDER BY clauses. More...
 
void JOIN::test_skip_sort ()
 Test if an index could be used to replace filesort for ORDER BY/GROUP BY. More...
 
bool JOIN::prune_table_partitions ()
 Prune partitions for all tables of a join (query block). More...
 
void JOIN::adjust_access_methods ()
 An utility function - apply heuristics and optimize access methods to tables. More...
 
bool JOIN::get_best_combination ()
 Set up JOIN_TAB structs according to the picked join order in best_positions. More...
 
table_map JOIN::calculate_deps_of_remaining_lateral_derived_tables (table_map plan_tables, uint idx) const
 Finds the dependencies of the remaining lateral derived tables. More...
 
void JOIN::update_depend_map ()
 Update the dependency map for the tables. More...
 
void JOIN::update_depend_map (ORDER *order)
 Update the dependency map for the sort order. More...
 
bool JOIN::update_equalities_for_sjm ()
 Update equalities and keyuse references after semi-join materialization strategy is chosen. More...
 
void JOIN::set_prefix_tables ()
 Assign set of available (prefix) tables to all tables in query block. More...
 
bool JOIN::make_join_plan ()
 Calculate best possible join order and initialize the join structure. More...
 
bool JOIN::init_planner_arrays ()
 Initialize scratch arrays for the join order optimization. More...
 
bool JOIN::propagate_dependencies ()
 Propagate dependencies between tables due to outer join relations. More...
 
bool JOIN::extract_const_tables ()
 Extract const tables based on row counts. More...
 
bool JOIN::extract_func_dependent_tables ()
 Extract const tables based on functional dependencies. More...
 
void JOIN::update_sargable_from_const (SARGABLE_PARAM *sargables)
 Update info on indexes that can be used for search lookups as reading const tables may has added new sargable predicates. More...
 
bool JOIN::estimate_rowcount ()
 Estimate the number of matched rows for each joined table. More...
 
void JOIN::set_semijoin_embedding ()
 Set semi-join embedding join nest pointers. More...
 
bool Sql_cmd_dml::prepare (THD *thd) override
 Command-specific resolving (doesn't include LEX::prepare()) More...
 
bool Sql_cmd_select::accept (THD *thd, Select_lex_visitor *visitor) override
 
const MYSQL_LEX_CSTRINGSql_cmd_select::eligible_secondary_storage_engine (THD *thd) const override
 Is this statement of a type and on a form that makes it eligible for execution in a secondary storage engine? More...
 
bool Sql_cmd_select::prepare_inner (THD *thd) override
 Prepare a SELECT statement. More...
 
bool Sql_cmd_dml::execute (THD *thd) override
 Execute a DML statement. More...
 
virtual bool Sql_cmd_dml::execute_inner (THD *thd)
 The inner parts of query optimization and execution. More...
 
virtual bool Sql_cmd_dml::restore_cmd_properties (THD *thd)
 Restore command properties before execution. More...
 
virtual bool Sql_cmd_dml::save_cmd_properties (THD *thd)
 Save command properties, such as prepared query details and table props. More...
 
Query_resultSql_cmd_dml::query_result () const
 
void Sql_cmd_dml::set_query_result (Query_result *result)
 Set query result object for this query statement. More...
 
bool Sql_cmd_select::precheck (THD *thd) override
 Perform an authorization precheck for an unprepared SELECT statement. More...
 
bool Sql_cmd_select::check_privileges (THD *thd) override
 Perform an authorization check for a prepared SELECT statement. More...
 
bool Sql_cmd_dml::check_all_table_privileges (THD *thd)
 Read and check privileges for all tables in a DML statement. More...
 
const MYSQL_LEX_CSTRINGSql_cmd_dml::get_eligible_secondary_engine (THD *thd) const
 Helper function that checks if the command is eligible for secondary engine and if that's true returns the name of that eligible secondary storage engine. More...
 
bool JOIN::clear_sj_tmp_tables ()
 Remove all rows from all temp tables used by NL-semijoin runtime. More...
 
bool JOIN::clear_corr_derived_tmp_tables ()
 Empties all correlated materialized derived tables. More...
 
void JOIN::reset ()
 Reset the state of this join object so that it is ready for a new execution. More...
 
bool JOIN::prepare_result ()
 Prepare join result. More...
 
void JOIN::destroy ()
 Clean up and destroy join object. More...
 
void JOIN::cleanup_item_list (const mem_root_deque< Item * > &items) const
 
bool Query_block::optimize (THD *thd, bool finalize_access_paths)
 Optimize a query block and all inner query expressions. More...
 
bool Query_block::check_column_privileges (THD *thd)
 Check privileges for all columns referenced from query block. More...
 
bool Query_block::check_privileges_for_subqueries (THD *thd)
 Check privileges for column references in subqueries of a query block. More...
 
bool JOIN::init_ref_access ()
 Initialize ref access for all tables that use it. More...
 
void JOIN::set_semijoin_info ()
 Set the first_sj_inner_tab and last_sj_inner_tab fields for all tables inside the semijoin nests of the query. More...
 
 store_key::store_key (THD *thd, Field *to_field_arg, uchar *ptr, uchar *null_ptr_arg, uint length, Item *item_arg)
 
store_key_result store_key::copy ()
 sets ignore truncation warnings mode and calls the real copy method More...
 
enum store_key_result store_key_hash_item::copy_inner () override
 
virtual enum store_key_result store_key::copy_inner ()
 
void QEP_TAB::push_index_cond (const JOIN_TAB *join_tab, uint keyno, Opt_trace_object *trace_obj)
 Try to extract and push the index condition down to table handler. More...
 
bool JOIN::setup_semijoin_materialized_table (JOIN_TAB *tab, uint tableno, POSITION *inner_pos, POSITION *sjm_pos)
 Setup the materialized table for a semi-join nest. More...
 
void QEP_TAB::init_join_cache (JOIN_TAB *join_tab)
 A helper function that allocates appropriate join cache object and sets next_query_block function of previous tab. More...
 
void JOIN_TAB::set_table (TABLE *t)
 
void JOIN_TAB::init_join_cond_ref (Table_ref *tl)
 Sets the pointer to the join condition of Table_ref. More...
 
void JOIN_TAB::cleanup ()
 Clean up associated table after query execution, including resources. More...
 
void QEP_TAB::cleanup ()
 
void QEP_shared_owner::qs_cleanup ()
 
uint QEP_TAB::sjm_query_block_id () const
 
bool QEP_shared_owner::and_with_condition (Item *tmp_cond)
 Extend join_tab->cond by AND'ing add_cond to it. More...
 
void JOIN::join_free ()
 Release memory and, if possible, the open tables held by this execution plan (and nested plans). More...
 
void JOIN::cleanup ()
 Cleanup this JOIN. More...
 
bool JOIN::alloc_func_list ()
 Make an array of pointers to sum_functions to speed up sum_func calculation. More...
 
bool JOIN::make_sum_func_list (const mem_root_deque< Item * > &fields, bool before_group_by, bool recompute=false)
 Initialize 'sum_funcs' array with all Item_sum objects. More...
 
bool Query_block::change_query_result (THD *thd, Query_result_interceptor *new_result, Query_result_interceptor *old_result)
 Change the Query_result object of the query block. More...
 
bool JOIN::add_having_as_tmp_table_cond (uint curr_tmp_table)
 Add having condition as a filter condition, which is applied when reading from the temp table. More...
 
bool JOIN::make_tmp_tables_info ()
 Init tmp tables usage info. More...
 
void JOIN::refresh_base_slice ()
 In the case of rollup (only): After the base slice list was made, we may have modified the field list to add rollup group items and sum switchers, but there may be Items with refs that refer to the base slice. More...
 
void JOIN::unplug_join_tabs ()
 
bool JOIN::add_sorting_to_table (uint idx, ORDER_with_src *order, bool sort_before_group)
 Add Filesort object to the given table to sort if with filesort. More...
 

Variables

const char * antijoin_null_cond = "<ANTIJOIN-NULL>"
 

Detailed Description

Macro Definition Documentation

◆ KEY_OPTIMIZE_EXISTS

#define KEY_OPTIMIZE_EXISTS   1

◆ KEY_OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL

#define KEY_OPTIMIZE_REF_OR_NULL   2

Typedef Documentation

◆ Global_tables_iterator

◆ Global_tables_list

A list interface over the Table_ref::next_global pointer.

Function Documentation

◆ JOIN()

JOIN::JOIN ( THD thd_arg,
Query_block select 
)

◆ store_key()

store_key::store_key ( THD thd,
Field to_field_arg,
uchar ptr,
uchar null_ptr_arg,
uint  length,
Item item_arg 
)

◆ accept()

bool Sql_cmd_select::accept ( THD thd,
Select_lex_visitor visitor 
)
overridevirtual

Reimplemented from Sql_cmd.

◆ accumulate_statement_cost()

void accumulate_statement_cost ( const LEX lex)

Calculates the cost of executing a statement, including all its subqueries and stores it in thd->m_current_query_cost.

Parameters
lexthe statement

◆ actual_key_flags()

uint actual_key_flags ( const KEY key_info)

Returns key flags depending on OPTIMIZER_SWITCH_USE_INDEX_EXTENSIONS flag.

Parameters
key_infopointer to KEY structure
Returns
key flags.

◆ actual_key_parts()

uint actual_key_parts ( const KEY key_info)

Returns number of key parts depending on OPTIMIZER_SWITCH_USE_INDEX_EXTENSIONS flag.

Parameters
key_infopointer to KEY structure
Returns
number of key parts.

◆ add_ft_keys()

static bool add_ft_keys ( Key_use_array keyuse_array,
Item cond,
table_map  usable_tables,
bool  simple_match_expr 
)
static

Function parses WHERE condition and add key_use for FT index into key_use array if suitable MATCH function is found.

Condition should be a set of AND expression, OR is not supported. MATCH function should be a part of simple expression. Simple expression is MATCH only function or MATCH is a part of comparison expression ('>=' or '>' operations are supported). It also sets FT_HINTS values(op_type, op_value).

Parameters
keyuse_arrayKey_use array
condWHERE condition
usable_tablesusable tables
simple_match_exprtrue if this is the first call false otherwise. if MATCH function is found at first call it means that MATCH is simple expression, otherwise, in case of AND/OR condition this parameter will be false.
Return values
trueif FT key was added to Key_use array
falseif no key was added to Key_use array

◆ add_having_as_tmp_table_cond()

bool JOIN::add_having_as_tmp_table_cond ( uint  curr_tmp_table)
private

Add having condition as a filter condition, which is applied when reading from the temp table.

Parameters
curr_tmp_tableTable number to which having conds are added.
Returns
false if success, true if error.

◆ add_key_equal_fields()

static bool add_key_equal_fields ( THD thd,
Key_field **  key_fields,
uint  and_level,
Item_func cond,
Item_field field_item,
bool  eq_func,
Item **  val,
uint  num_values,
table_map  usable_tables,
SARGABLE_PARAM **  sargables 
)
static

Add possible keys to array of possible keys originated from a simple predicate.

Parameters
thdsession context
[in,out]key_fieldsPointer to add key, if usable is incremented if key was stored in the array
and_levelAnd level, to be stored in Key_field
condCondition predicate
field_itemField used in comparison
eq_funcTrue if we used =, <=> or IS NULL
valValue used for comparison with field Is NULL for BETWEEN and IN
num_valuesNumber of elements in the array of values
usable_tablesTables which can be used for key optimization
sargablesIN/OUT Array of found sargable candidates
Note
If field items f1 and f2 belong to the same multiple equality and a key is added for f1, the the same key is added for f2.
Returns
false if success, true if error

◆ add_key_field()

static bool add_key_field ( THD thd,
Key_field **  key_fields,
uint  and_level,
Item_func cond,
Item_field item_field,
bool  eq_func,
Item **  value,
uint  num_values,
table_map  usable_tables,
SARGABLE_PARAM **  sargables 
)
static

Add a possible key to array of possible keys if it's usable as a key.

Parameters
[in,out]key_fieldsUsed as an input parameter in the sense that it is a pointer to a pointer to a memory area where an array of Key_field objects will stored. It is used as an out parameter in the sense that the pointer will be updated to point beyond the last Key_field written.
thdsession context
and_levelAnd level, to be stored in Key_field
condCondition predicate
item_fieldField used in comparison
eq_funcTrue if we used =, <=> or IS NULL
valueArray of values used for comparison with field
num_valuesNumber of elements in the array of values
usable_tablesTables which can be used for key optimization
sargablesIN/OUT Array of found sargable candidates. Will be ignored in case eq_func is true.
Note
If we are doing a NOT NULL comparison on a NOT NULL field in a outer join table, we store this to be able to do not exists optimization later.
Returns
false if success, true if error

◆ add_key_fields()

bool add_key_fields ( THD thd,
JOIN join,
Key_field **  key_fields,
uint *  and_level,
Item cond,
table_map  usable_tables,
SARGABLE_PARAM **  sargables 
)

The guts of the ref optimizer.

This function, along with the other add_key_* functions, make up a recursive procedure that analyzes a condition expression (a tree of AND and OR predicates) and does many things.

Parameters
thdsession context
joinThe query block involving the condition.
[in,out]key_fieldsStart of memory buffer, see below.
[in,out]and_levelCurrent 'and level', see below.
condThe conditional expression to analyze.
usable_tablesTables not in this bitmap will not be examined.
[in,out]sargablesEnd of memory buffer, see below.
Returns
false if success, true if error

This documentation is the result of reverse engineering and may therefore not capture the full gist of the procedure, but it is known to do the following:

  • Populate a raw memory buffer from two directions at the same time. An 'array' of Key_field objects fill the buffer from low to high addresses whilst an 'array' of SARGABLE_PARAM's fills the buffer from high to low addresses. At the first call to this function, it is assumed that key_fields points to the beginning of the buffer and sargables point to the end (except for a poor-mans 'null element' at the very end).
  • Update a number of properties in the JOIN_TAB's that can be used to find search keys (sargables).
    • JOIN_TAB::keys
    • JOIN_TAB::key_dependent
    • JOIN_TAB::const_keys (dictates if the range optimizer will be run later.)

The Key_field objects are marked with something called an 'and_level', which does not correspond to their nesting depth within the expression tree. It is rather a tag to group conjunctions together. For instance, in the conditional expression

a = 0 AND b = 0

two Key_field's are produced, both having an and_level of 0.

In an expression such as

a = 0 AND b = 0 OR a = 1

three Key_field's are produced, the first two corresponding to 'a = 0' and 'b = 0', respectively, both with and_level 0. The third one corresponds to 'a = 1' and has an and_level of 1.

A separate function, merge_key_fields() performs ref access validation on the Key_field array on the recursice ascent. If some Key_field's cannot be used for ref access, the key_fields pointer is rolled back. All other modifications to the query plan remain.

◆ add_key_fields_for_nj()

static bool add_key_fields_for_nj ( THD thd,
JOIN join,
Table_ref nested_join_table,
Key_field **  end,
uint *  and_level,
SARGABLE_PARAM **  sargables 
)
static

◆ add_key_part()

static bool add_key_part ( Key_use_array keyuse_array,
Key_field key_field 
)
static

◆ add_loose_index_scan_and_skip_scan_keys()

static void add_loose_index_scan_and_skip_scan_keys ( JOIN join,
JOIN_TAB join_tab 
)
static

Discover the indexes that might be used for GROUP BY or DISTINCT queries or indexes that might be used for SKIP SCAN.

If the query has a GROUP BY clause, find all indexes that contain all GROUP BY fields, and add those indexes to join_tab->const_keys and join_tab->keys.

If the query has a DISTINCT clause, find all indexes that contain all SELECT fields, and add those indexes to join_tab->const_keys and join_tab->keys. This allows later on such queries to be processed by a GroupIndexSkipScanIterator.

If the query does not have GROUP BY clause or any aggregate function the function collects possible keys to use for skip scan access.

Note that indexes that are not usable for resolving GROUP BY/DISTINCT may also be added in some corner cases. For example, an index covering 'a' and 'b' is not usable for the following query but is still added: "SELECT DISTINCT a+b FROM t1". This is not a big issue because a) although the optimizer will consider using the index, it will not chose it (so minor calculation cost added but not wrong result) and b) it applies only to corner cases.

Parameters
jointhe current join
join_tabjoined table

◆ add_not_null_conds()

static bool add_not_null_conds ( JOIN join)
static

Add to join_tab[i]->condition() "table.field IS NOT NULL" conditions we've inferred from ref/eq_ref access performed.

This function is a part of "Early NULL-values filtering for ref access" optimization.

Example of this optimization: For query SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE t2.key=t1.field
and plan " any-access(t1), ref(t2.key=t1.field) "
add "t1.field IS NOT NULL" to t1's table condition.
Description of the optimization:

We look through equalities chosen to perform ref/eq_ref access, pick equalities that have form "tbl.part_of_key = othertbl.field" (where othertbl is a non-const table and othertbl.field may be NULL) and add them to conditions on corresponding tables (othertbl in this example).

Exception from that is the case when referred_tab->join != join. I.e. don't add NOT NULL constraints from any embedded subquery. Consider this query:

SELECT A.f2 FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 A ON A.f2 = f1
WHERE A.f3=(SELECT MIN(f3) FROM t2 C WHERE A.f4 = C.f4) OR A.f3 IS NULL;
Definition: sql_optimizer.h:133
#define MIN(a, b)
Definition: crypt_genhash_impl.cc:89
const std::string SELECT("SELECT")
Name of the static privileges.
@ WHERE
Definition: sql_yacc.h:687
@ FROM
Definition: sql_yacc.h:250
@ IS
Definition: sql_yacc.h:307
@ LEFT
Definition: sql_yacc.h:324
#define NULL
Definition: types.h:55

Here condition A.f3 IS NOT NULL is going to be added to the WHERE condition of the embedding query. Another example: SELECT * FROM t10, t11 WHERE (t10.a < 10 OR t10.a IS NULL) AND t11.b <=> t10.b AND (t11.a = (SELECT MAX(a) FROM t12 WHERE t12.b = t10.a )); Here condition t10.a IS NOT NULL is going to be added. In both cases addition of NOT NULL condition will erroneously reject some rows of the result set. referred_tab->join != join constraint would disallow such additions.

This optimization doesn't affect the choices that ref, range, or join optimizer make. This was intentional because this was added after 4.1 was GA.

Implementation overview

  1. update_ref_and_keys() accumulates info about null-rejecting predicates in in Key_field::null_rejecting 1.1 add_key_part saves these to Key_use.
  2. create_ref_for_key copies them to Index_lookup.
  3. add_not_null_conds adds "x IS NOT NULL" to join_tab->m_condition of appropriate JOIN_TAB members.
Returns
false on success, true on error

◆ add_sorting_to_table()

bool JOIN::add_sorting_to_table ( uint  idx,
ORDER_with_src sort_order,
bool  sort_before_group 
)

Add Filesort object to the given table to sort if with filesort.

Parameters
idxJOIN_TAB's position in the qep_tab array. The created Filesort object gets attached to this.
sort_orderList of expressions to sort the table by
sort_before_groupIf true, this sort happens before grouping is done (potentially as a step of grouping itself), so any wrapped rollup group items should be unwrapped.
Note
This function moves tab->select, if any, to filesort->select
Returns
false on success, true on OOM

◆ adjust_access_methods()

void JOIN::adjust_access_methods ( )
private

An utility function - apply heuristics and optimize access methods to tables.

Note
Side effect - this function could set 'Impossible WHERE' zero result.

Currently this function can change REF to RANGE and ALL to INDEX scan if latter is considered to be better (not cost-based) than the former.

Note
Side effect - this function could set 'Impossible WHERE' zero result.

◆ alloc_func_list()

bool JOIN::alloc_func_list ( )

Make an array of pointers to sum_functions to speed up sum_func calculation.

Return values
0ok
1Error

◆ alloc_indirection_slices()

bool JOIN::alloc_indirection_slices ( )
private

◆ alloc_jtab_array()

static JOIN_TAB * alloc_jtab_array ( THD thd,
uint  table_count 
)
static

◆ alloc_qep()

bool JOIN::alloc_qep ( uint  n)
private

◆ alloc_ref_item_slice()

bool JOIN::alloc_ref_item_slice ( THD thd_arg,
int  sliceno 
)

Allocate a ref_item slice, assume that slice size is in ref_items[0].

Parameters
thd_argthread handler
slicenoThe slice number to allocate in JOIN::ref_items
Returns
false if success, true if error

◆ and_conditions()

bool and_conditions ( Item **  e1,
Item e2 
)

Extend e1 by AND'ing e2 to the condition e1 points to.

The resulting condition is fixed. Requirement: the input Items must already have been fixed. This is a variant of and_items(); it is intended for use in the optimizer phase.

Parameters
[in,out]e1Pointer to condition that will be extended with e2
e2Condition that will extend e1
Return values
trueif there was a memory allocation error, in which case e1 remains unchanged
falseotherwise

◆ and_with_condition()

bool QEP_shared_owner::and_with_condition ( Item add_cond)

Extend join_tab->cond by AND'ing add_cond to it.

Parameters
add_condThe condition to AND with the existing cond for this JOIN_TAB
Return values
trueif there was a memory allocation error
falseotherwise

◆ build_bitmap_for_nested_joins()

uint build_bitmap_for_nested_joins ( mem_root_deque< Table_ref * > *  join_list,
uint  first_unused 
)

Assign each nested join structure a bit in nested_join_map.

Parameters
join_listList of tables
first_unusedNumber of first unused bit in nested_join_map before the call
Note
This function is called after simplify_joins(), when there are no redundant nested joins. We cannot have more nested joins in a query block than there are tables, so as long as the number of bits in nested_join_map is not less than the maximum number of tables in a query block, nested_join_map can never overflow.
Returns
First unused bit in nested_join_map after the call.

◆ build_equal_items()

static bool build_equal_items ( THD thd,
Item cond,
Item **  retcond,
COND_EQUAL inherited,
bool  do_inherit,
mem_root_deque< Table_ref * > *  join_list,
COND_EQUAL **  cond_equal_ref 
)
static

Build multiple equalities for a WHERE condition and all join conditions that inherit these multiple equalities.

The function first applies the build_equal_items_for_cond function to build all multiple equalities for condition cond utilizing equalities referred through the parameter inherited. The extended set of equalities is returned in the structure referred by the cond_equal_ref parameter. After this the function calls itself recursively for all join conditions whose direct references can be found in join_list and who inherit directly the multiple equalities just having built.

Note
The join condition used in an outer join operation inherits all equalities from the join condition of the embedding join, if there is any, or otherwise - from the where condition. This fact is not obvious, but presumably can be proved. Consider the following query:
SELECT * FROM (t1,t2) LEFT JOIN (t3,t4) ON t1.a=t3.a AND t2.a=t4.a
WHERE t1.a=t2.a;
If the join condition in the query inherits =(t1.a,t2.a), then we can build the multiple equality =(t1.a,t2.a,t3.a,t4.a) that infers the equality t3.a=t4.a. Although the join condition t1.a=t3.a AND t2.a=t4.a AND t3.a=t4.a is not equivalent to the one in the query the latter can be replaced by the former: the new query will return the same result set as the original one.

Interesting that multiple equality =(t1.a,t2.a,t3.a,t4.a) allows us to use t1.a=t3.a AND t3.a=t4.a under the join condition:

SELECT * FROM (t1,t2) LEFT JOIN (t3,t4) ON t1.a=t3.a AND t3.a=t4.a
WHERE t1.a=t2.a

This query equivalent to:

SELECT * FROM (t1 LEFT JOIN (t3,t4) ON t1.a=t3.a AND t3.a=t4.a),t2
WHERE t1.a=t2.a

Similarly the original query can be rewritten to the query:

SELECT * FROM (t1,t2) LEFT JOIN (t3,t4) ON t2.a=t4.a AND t3.a=t4.a
WHERE t1.a=t2.a

that is equivalent to:

SELECT * FROM (t2 LEFT JOIN (t3,t4)ON t2.a=t4.a AND t3.a=t4.a), t1
WHERE t1.a=t2.a

Thus, applying equalities from the where condition we basically can get more freedom in performing join operations. Although we don't use this property now, it probably makes sense to use it in the future.

Parameters
thdThread handler
condcondition to build the multiple equalities for
[out]retcondReturned condition
inheritedpath to all inherited multiple equality items
do_inheritwhether or not to inherit equalities from other parts of the condition
join_listlist of join tables that the condition refers to
[out]cond_equal_refpointer to the structure to place built equalities in
Returns
false if success, true if error

◆ build_equal_items_for_cond()

static bool build_equal_items_for_cond ( THD thd,
Item cond,
Item **  retcond,
COND_EQUAL inherited,
bool  do_inherit 
)
static

Replace all equality predicates in a condition by multiple equality items.

At each 'and' level the function detects items for equality predicates and replaces them by a set of multiple equality items of class Item_equal, taking into account inherited equalities from upper levels. If an equality predicate is used not in a conjunction it's just replaced by a multiple equality predicate. For each 'and' level the function set a pointer to the inherited multiple equalities in the cond_equal field of the associated object of the type Item_cond_and. The function also traverses the cond tree and for each field reference sets a pointer to the multiple equality item containing the field, if there is any. If this multiple equality equates fields to a constant the function replaces the field reference by the constant in the cases when the field is not of a string type or when the field reference is just an argument of a comparison predicate. The function also determines the maximum number of members in equality lists of each Item_cond_and object assigning it to thd->lex->current_query_block()->max_equal_elems.

Note
Multiple equality predicate =(f1,..fn) is equivalent to the conjunction of f1=f2, .., fn-1=fn. It substitutes any inference from these equality predicates that is equivalent to the conjunction. Thus, =(a1,a2,a3) can substitute for ((a1=a3) AND (a2=a3) AND (a2=a1)) as it is equivalent to ((a1=a2) AND (a2=a3)). The function always makes a substitution of all equality predicates occurred in a conjunction for a minimal set of multiple equality predicates. This set can be considered as a canonical representation of the sub-conjunction of the equality predicates. E.g. (t1.a=t2.b AND t2.b>5 AND t1.a=t3.c) is replaced by (=(t1.a,t2.b,t3.c) AND t2.b>5), not by (=(t1.a,t2.b) AND =(t1.a,t3.c) AND t2.b>5); while (t1.a=t2.b AND t2.b>5 AND t3.c=t4.d) is replaced by (=(t1.a,t2.b) AND =(t3.c=t4.d) AND t2.b>5), but if additionally =(t4.d,t2.b) is inherited, it will be replaced by (=(t1.a,t2.b,t3.c,t4.d) AND t2.b>5)

The function performs the substitution in a recursive descent of the condition tree, passing to the next AND level a chain of multiple equality predicates which have been built at the upper levels. The Item_equal items built at the level are attached to other non-equality conjuncts as a sublist. The pointer to the inherited multiple equalities is saved in the and condition object (Item_cond_and). This chain allows us for any field reference occurrence to easily find a multiple equality that must be held for this occurrence. For each AND level we do the following:

  • scan it for all equality predicate (=) items
  • join them into disjoint Item_equal() groups
  • process the included OR conditions recursively to do the same for lower AND levels.

We need to do things in this order as lower AND levels need to know about all possible Item_equal objects in upper levels.

Parameters
thdthread handle
condcondition(expression) where to make replacement
[out]retcondreturned condition
inheritedpath to all inherited multiple equality items
do_inheritwhether or not to inherit equalities from other parts of the condition
Returns
false if success, true if error

◆ calc_group_buffer()

void calc_group_buffer ( JOIN join,
ORDER group 
)

calc how big buffer we need for comparing group entries.

◆ calc_join_type()

join_type calc_join_type ( AccessPath path)
Returns
join type according to quick select type used (which must be a form of range scan, or asserts will happen)

◆ calc_length_and_keyparts()

void calc_length_and_keyparts ( Key_use keyuse,
JOIN_TAB tab,
const uint  key,
table_map  used_tables,
Key_use **  chosen_keyuses,
uint *  length_out,
uint *  keyparts_out,
table_map dep_map,
bool *  maybe_null 
)

Calculate properties of ref key: key length, number of used key parts, dependency map, possibility of null.

After calling this function thd::is_error() needs to be checked, as it can set an error.

Parameters
keyuseArray of keys to consider
tabjoin_tab to calculate ref parameters for
keynumber of the key to use
used_tablestables read prior to this table
[out]chosen_keyuseswhen given, this function will fill array with chosen keyuses
[out]length_outcalculated length of the ref
[out]keyparts_outcalculated number of used keyparts
[out]dep_mapwhen given, calculated dependency map
[out]maybe_nullwhen given, calculated maybe_null property

◆ calc_used_field_length()

void calc_used_field_length ( TABLE table,
bool  needs_rowid,
uint *  p_used_fieldlength 
)

Find how much space the previous read not const tables takes in cache.

◆ calculate_deps_of_remaining_lateral_derived_tables()

table_map JOIN::calculate_deps_of_remaining_lateral_derived_tables ( table_map  plan_tables,
uint  idx 
) const

Finds the dependencies of the remaining lateral derived tables.

Parameters
plan_tablesmap of all tables that the planner is processing (tables already in plan and tables to be added to plan).
idxindex of the table which the planner is currently considering.
Returns
A map of the dependencies of the remaining lateral derived tables (from best_ref[idx] and on).

◆ calculate_materialization_costs()

static void calculate_materialization_costs ( JOIN join,
Table_ref sj_nest,
uint  n_tables,
Semijoin_mat_optimize sjm 
)
static

For {semijoin,subquery} materialization: calculates various cost information, based on a plan in join->best_positions covering the to-be-materialized query block and only this.

Parameters
joinJOIN where plan can be found
sj_nestsj materialization nest (NULL if subquery materialization)
n_tablesnumber of to-be-materialized tables
[out]sjmwhere computed costs will be stored
Note
that this function modifies join->map2table, which has to be filled correctly later.

◆ can_switch_from_ref_to_range()

static bool can_switch_from_ref_to_range ( THD thd,
JOIN_TAB tab,
enum_order  ordering,
bool  recheck_range 
)
static

A helper function to check whether it's better to use range than ref.

Heuristic: Switch from 'ref' to 'range' access if 'range' access can utilize more keyparts than 'ref' access. Conditions for doing switching:

1) Range access is possible 2) 'ref' access and 'range' access uses the same index 3) Used parts of key shouldn't have nullable parts & ref_or_null isn't used. 4) 'ref' access depends on a constant, not a value read from a table earlier in the join sequence.

Rationale: if 'ref' depends on a value from another table, the join condition is not used to limit the rows read by 'range' access (that would require dynamic range - 'Range checked for each record'). In other words, if 'ref' depends on a value from another table, we have a query with conditions of the form

this_table.idx_col1 = other_table.col AND <<- used by 'ref' this_table.idx_col1 OP <const> AND <<- used by 'range' this_table.idx_col2 OP <const> AND ... <<- used by 'range'

and an index on (idx_col1,idx_col2,...). But the fact that 'range' access uses more keyparts does not mean that it is more selective than 'ref' access because these access types utilize different parts of the query condition. We therefore trust the cost based choice made by best_access_path() instead of forcing a heuristic choice here. 5) 'range' access uses more keyparts than 'ref' access 6) ORDER BY might make range better than table scan: Check possibility of range scan even if it was previously deemed unviable (for example when table scan was estimated to be cheaper). If yes, range-access should be chosen only for larger key length.

Parameters
thdTo re-run range optimizer.
tabJOIN_TAB to check
orderingUsed as a parameter to call test_quick_select.
recheck_rangeCheck possibility of range scan even if it is currently unviable.
Returns
true Range is better than ref
false Ref is better or switch isn't possible

◆ change_cond_ref_to_const()

static bool change_cond_ref_to_const ( THD thd,
I_List< COND_CMP > *  save_list,
Item and_father,
Item cond,
Item field,
Item value 
)
static

change field = field to field = const for each found field = const in the and_level

Parameters
thdThread handler
save_listsaved list of COND_CMP
and_fatherfather of AND op
condCondition where fields are replaced with constant values
fieldThe field that will be substituted
valueThe substitution value
Returns
false if success, true if error

◆ change_query_result()

bool Query_block::change_query_result ( THD thd,
Query_result_interceptor new_result,
Query_result_interceptor old_result 
)

Change the Query_result object of the query block.

If old_result is not used, forward the call to the current Query_result in case it is a wrapper around old_result.

Call prepare() on the new Query_result if we decide to use it.

Parameters
thdThread handle
new_resultNew Query_result object
old_resultOld Query_result object (NULL to force change)
Return values
falseSuccess
trueError

◆ change_to_access_path_without_in2exists()

void JOIN::change_to_access_path_without_in2exists ( )

If this query block was planned twice, once with and once without conditions added by in2exists, changes the root access path to the one without in2exists.

If not (ie., there were never any such conditions in the first place), does nothing.

◆ check_access_path_with_fts()

bool JOIN::check_access_path_with_fts ( ) const
private

Checks if the chosen plan suffers from a problem related to full-text search and streaming aggregation, which is likely to cause wrong results or make the query misbehave in other ways, and raises an error if so.

Only to be called for queries with full-text search and GROUP BY WITH ROLLUP.

If there are calls to MATCH in the SELECT list (including the hidden elements lifted there from other clauses), and they are not inside an aggregate function, the results of the MATCH clause need to be materialized before streaming aggregation is performed. The hypergraph optimizer adds a materialization step before aggregation if needed (see CreateStreamingAggregationPath()), but the old optimizer only does that for implicitly grouped queries. For explicitly grouped queries, it instead disables streaming aggregation for the queries that would need a materialization step to work correctly (see JOIN::test_skip_sort()).

For explicitly grouped queries WITH ROLLUP, however, streaming aggregation is currently the only alternative. In many cases it still works correctly because an intermediate materialization step has been added for some other reason, typically for a sort. For now, in those cases where a materialization step has not been added, we raise an error instead of going ahead with an invalid execution plan.

Returns
true if an error was raised.

◆ check_all_table_privileges()

bool Sql_cmd_dml::check_all_table_privileges ( THD thd)
protected

Read and check privileges for all tables in a DML statement.

Parameters
thdthread handler
Returns
false if success, true if false

◆ check_column_privileges()

bool Query_block::check_column_privileges ( THD thd)

Check privileges for all columns referenced from query block.

Check privileges for all columns referenced from this query block.

Also check privileges for referenced subqueries.

Parameters
thdthread handler
Returns
false if success, true if error (insufficient privileges)

◆ check_equality()

static bool check_equality ( THD thd,
Item item,
COND_EQUAL cond_equal,
List< Item > *  eq_list,
bool *  equality 
)
static

Eliminate row equalities and form multiple equalities predicates.

This function checks whether the item is a simple equality i.e. the one that equates a field with another field or a constant (field=field_item or field=constant_item), or, a row equality. For a simple equality the function looks for a multiple equality in the lists referenced directly or indirectly by cond_equal inferring the given simple equality. If it doesn't find any, it builds/expands multiple equality that covers the predicate. Row equalities are eliminated substituted for conjunctive regular equalities which are treated in the same way as original equality predicates.

Parameters
thdthread handle
itempredicate to process
cond_equalmultiple equalities that must hold together with the predicate
eq_listresults of conversions of row equalities that are not simple enough to form multiple equalities
[out]equalitytrue if re-writing rules have been applied false otherwise, i.e. if the predicate is not an equality, or if the equality is neither a simple nor a row equality
Returns
false if success, true if error
Note
If the equality was created by IN->EXISTS, it may be removed later by subquery materialization. So we don't mix this possibly temporary equality with others; if we let it go into a multiple-equality (Item_equal), then we could not remove it later. There is however an exception: if the outer expression is a constant, it is safe to leave the equality even in materialization; all it can do is preventing NULL/FALSE distinction but if such distinction mattered the equality would be in a triggered condition so we would not come to this function. And injecting constants is good because it makes the materialized table smaller.

◆ check_field_is_const()

bool check_field_is_const ( Item cond,
const Item order_item,
const Field order_field,
Item **  const_item 
)

Check if a field is equal to a constant value in a condition.

Parameters
condcondition to search within
order_itemItem to find in condition (if order_field is NULL)
order_fieldField to find in condition (if order_item is NULL)
[out]const_itemUsed in calculation with conjunctive predicates, must be NULL in outer-most call.
Returns
true if the field is a constant value in condition, false otherwise

◆ check_locking_clause_access()

static bool check_locking_clause_access ( THD thd,
Global_tables_list  tables 
)
static

Performs access check for the locking clause, if present.

Parameters
thdCurrent session, used for checking access and raising error.
tablesTables in the query's from clause.
Return values
trueThere was a locking clause and access was denied. An error has been raised.
falseThere was no locking clause or access was allowed to it. This is always returned in an embedded build.

◆ check_privileges()

◆ check_privileges_for_join()

bool check_privileges_for_join ( THD thd,
mem_root_deque< Table_ref * > *  tables 
)

Check privileges for column references in a JOIN expression.

Check privileges for all columns referenced from join expression.

Parameters
thdthread handler
tableslist of joined tables
Returns
false if success, true if error (insufficient privileges)

◆ check_privileges_for_list()

bool check_privileges_for_list ( THD thd,
const mem_root_deque< Item * > &  items,
Access_bitmask  privileges 
)

Check privileges for column references in an item list.

Check privileges for all columns referenced from an expression list.

Parameters
thdthread handler
itemslist of items
privilegesthe required privileges
Returns
false if success, true if error (insufficient privileges)

◆ check_privileges_for_subqueries()

bool Query_block::check_privileges_for_subqueries ( THD thd)

Check privileges for column references in subqueries of a query block.

Parameters
thdthread handler
Returns
false if success, true if error (insufficient privileges)

◆ check_row_equality()

static bool check_row_equality ( THD thd,
Item left_row,
Item_row right_row,
COND_EQUAL cond_equal,
List< Item > *  eq_list,
bool *  simple_equality 
)
static

Convert row equalities into a conjunction of regular equalities.

The function converts a row equality of the form (E1,...,En)=(E'1,...,E'n) into a list of equalities E1=E'1,...,En=E'n. For each of these equalities Ei=E'i the function checks whether it is a simple equality or a row equality. If it is a simple equality it is used to expand multiple equalities of cond_equal. If it is a row equality it converted to a sequence of equalities between row elements. If Ei=E'i is neither a simple equality nor a row equality the item for this predicate is added to eq_list.

Parameters
thdthread handle
left_rowleft term of the row equality to be processed
right_rowright term of the row equality to be processed
cond_equalmultiple equalities that must hold together with the predicate
eq_listresults of conversions of row equalities that are not simple enough to form multiple equalities
[out]simple_equalitytrue if the row equality is composed of only simple equalities.
Returns
false if conversion succeeded, true if any error.

◆ check_simple_equality()

static bool check_simple_equality ( THD thd,
Item left_item,
Item right_item,
Item item,
COND_EQUAL cond_equal,
bool *  simple_equality 
)
static

Check whether an equality can be used to build multiple equalities.

This function first checks whether the equality (left_item=right_item) is a simple equality i.e. one that equates a field with another field or a constant (field=field_item or field=const_item). If this is the case the function looks for a multiple equality in the lists referenced directly or indirectly by cond_equal inferring the given simple equality. If it doesn't find any, it builds a multiple equality that covers the predicate, i.e. the predicate can be inferred from this multiple equality. The built multiple equality could be obtained in such a way: create a binary multiple equality equivalent to the predicate, then merge it, if possible, with one of old multiple equalities. This guarantees that the set of multiple equalities covering equality predicates will be minimal.

EXAMPLE: For the where condition

WHERE a=b AND b=c AND
(b=2 OR f=e)

the check_equality will be called for the following equality predicates a=b, b=c, b=2 and f=e.

  • For a=b it will be called with *cond_equal=(0,[]) and will transform cond_equal into (0,[Item_equal(a,b)]).
  • For b=c it will be called with *cond_equal=(0,[Item_equal(a,b)]) and will transform *cond_equal into CE=(0,[Item_equal(a,b,c)]).
  • For b=2 it will be called with *cond_equal=(ptr(CE),[]) and will transform *cond_equal into (ptr(CE),[Item_equal(2,a,b,c)]).
  • For f=e it will be called with *cond_equal=(ptr(CE), []) and will transform *cond_equal into (ptr(CE),[Item_equal(f,e)]).
Note
Now only fields that have the same type definitions (verified by the Field::eq_def method) are placed to the same multiple equalities. Because of this some equality predicates are not eliminated and can be used in the constant propagation procedure. We could weaken the equality test as soon as at least one of the equal fields is to be equal to a constant. It would require a more complicated implementation: we would have to store, in general case, its own constant for each fields from the multiple equality. But at the same time it would allow us to get rid of constant propagation completely: it would be done by the call to build_equal_items_for_cond.

The implementation does not follow exactly the above rules to build a new multiple equality for the equality predicate. If it processes the equality of the form field1=field2, it looks for multiple equalities me1 containing field1 and me2 containing field2. If only one of them is found the function expands it with the lacking field. If multiple equalities for both fields are found they are merged. If both searches fail a new multiple equality containing just field1 and field2 is added to the existing multiple equalities. If the function processes the predicate of the form field1=const, it looks for a multiple equality containing field1. If found, the function checks the constant of the multiple equality. If the value is unknown, it is setup to const. Otherwise the value is compared with const and the evaluation of the equality predicate is performed. When expanding/merging equality predicates from the upper levels the function first copies them for the current level. It looks acceptable, as this happens rarely. The implementation without copying would be much more complicated.

Parameters
thdThread handler
left_itemleft term of the equality to be checked
right_itemright term of the equality to be checked
itemequality item if the equality originates from a condition predicate, 0 if the equality is the result of row elimination
cond_equalmultiple equalities that must hold together with the equality
[out]simple_equalitytrue if the predicate is a simple equality predicate to be used for building multiple equalities false otherwise
Returns
false if success, true if error

◆ check_skip_records_in_range_qualification()

static bool check_skip_records_in_range_qualification ( JOIN_TAB tab,
THD thd 
)
static

Index dive can be skipped if the following conditions are satisfied: F1) For a single table query: a) FORCE INDEX applies to a single index.

b) No subquery is present. c) Fulltext Index is not involved. d) No GROUP-BY or DISTINCT clause. e.I) No ORDER-BY clause or e.II) The given index can provide the order.

F2) Not applicable to multi-table query.

Parameters
tabJOIN_TAB object.
thdTHD object.

◆ cleanup() [1/3]

void QEP_TAB::cleanup ( void  )

◆ cleanup() [2/3]

void JOIN::cleanup ( void  )

Cleanup this JOIN.

Free resources of given join.

Not a full cleanup. reusable?

Note
With subquery this function definitely will be called several times, but even for simple query it can be called several times.

◆ cleanup() [3/3]

void JOIN_TAB::cleanup ( void  )

Clean up associated table after query execution, including resources.

Cleanup table of join operation.

◆ cleanup_item_list()

void JOIN::cleanup_item_list ( const mem_root_deque< Item * > &  items) const
private

◆ cleanup_table()

static void cleanup_table ( TABLE table)
static

◆ clear_corr_derived_tmp_tables()

bool JOIN::clear_corr_derived_tmp_tables ( )

Empties all correlated materialized derived tables.

◆ clear_sj_tmp_tables()

bool JOIN::clear_sj_tmp_tables ( )

Remove all rows from all temp tables used by NL-semijoin runtime.

All rows must be removed from all temporary tables before every join re-execution.

◆ compare_fields_by_table_order()

static int compare_fields_by_table_order ( Item_field field1,
Item_field field2,
JOIN_TAB **  table_join_idx 
)
static

Compare field items by table order in the execution plan.

field1 considered as better than field2 if the table containing field1 is accessed earlier than the table containing field2. The function finds out what of two fields is better according this criteria.

Parameters
field1first field item to compare
field2second field item to compare
table_join_idxindex to tables determining table order
Return values
-1if field1 is better than field2
1if field2 is better than field1
0otherwise

◆ copy()

store_key::store_key_result store_key::copy ( )

sets ignore truncation warnings mode and calls the real copy method

this function makes sure truncation warnings when preparing the key buffers don't end up as errors (because of an enclosing INSERT/UPDATE).

◆ copy_inner() [1/2]

◆ copy_inner() [2/2]

enum store_key::store_key_result store_key_hash_item::copy_inner ( )
overrideprotectedvirtual

Reimplemented from store_key.

◆ count_field_types()

void count_field_types ( const Query_block query_block,
Temp_table_param param,
const mem_root_deque< Item * > &  fields,
bool  reset_with_sum_func,
bool  save_sum_fields 
)

Update TMP_TABLE_PARAM with count of the different type of fields.

This function counts the number of fields, functions and sum functions (items with type SUM_FUNC_ITEM) for use by create_tmp_table() and stores it in the Temp_table_param object. It also updates the allow_group_via_temp_table property if needed.

Parameters
query_blockQuery_block of query
paramDescription of temp table
fieldsList of fields to count
reset_with_sum_funcWhether to reset with_sum_func of func items
save_sum_fieldsCount in the way create_tmp_table() expects when given the same parameter.

◆ create_access_paths_for_zero_rows()

AccessPath * JOIN::create_access_paths_for_zero_rows ( ) const

Create access paths with the knowledge that there are going to be zero rows coming from tables (before aggregation); typically because we know that all of them would be filtered away by WHERE (e.g.

SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE 1=2). This will normally yield no output rows, but if we have implicit aggregation, it might yield a single one.

◆ create_ref_for_key()

bool create_ref_for_key ( JOIN join,
JOIN_TAB j,
Key_use org_keyuse,
table_map  used_tables 
)

Setup a ref access for looking up rows via an index (a key).

Parameters
joinThe join object being handled
jThe join_tab which will have the ref access populated
org_keyuseFirst key part of (possibly multi-part) key
used_tablesBitmap of available tables
Returns
False if success, True if error

Given a Key_use structure that specifies the fields that can be used for index access, this function creates and set up the structure used for index look up via one of the access methods {JT_FT, JT_CONST, JT_REF_OR_NULL, JT_REF, JT_EQ_REF} for the plan operator 'j'. Generally the function sets up the structure j->ref (of type Index_lookup), and the access method j->type.

Note
We cannot setup fields used for ref access before we have sorted the items within multiple equalities according to the final order of the tables involved in the join operation. Currently, this occurs in
See also
substitute_for_best_equal_field(). The exception is ref access for const tables, which are fixed before the greedy search planner is invoked.

◆ create_sj_tmp_table()

SJ_TMP_TABLE * create_sj_tmp_table ( THD thd,
JOIN join,
SJ_TMP_TABLE_TAB first_tab,
SJ_TMP_TABLE_TAB last_tab 
)

Set up the support structures (NULL bits, row offsets, etc.) for a semijoin duplicate weedout table.

The object is allocated on the given THD's MEM_ROOT.

Parameters
thdthe THD to allocate the object on
jointhe JOIN that will own the temporary table (ie., has the responsibility to destroy it after use)
first_tabfirst table in row key (inclusive)
last_tablast table in row key (exclusive)

◆ CreateFramebufferTable()

bool CreateFramebufferTable ( THD thd,
const Temp_table_param tmp_table_param,
const Query_block query_block,
const mem_root_deque< Item * > &  source_fields,
const mem_root_deque< Item * > &  window_output_fields,
Func_ptr_array mapping_from_source_to_window_output,
Window window 
)

◆ destroy()

void JOIN::destroy ( )

Clean up and destroy join object.

◆ destroy_sj_tmp_tables()

static void destroy_sj_tmp_tables ( JOIN join)
static

◆ effective_index()

uint QEP_TAB::effective_index ( ) const

Return the index used for a table in a QEP.

Returns
the index used for a table in a QEP

The various access methods have different places where the index/key number is stored, so this function is needed to return the correct value.

Returns
index number, or MAX_KEY if not applicable.

JT_SYSTEM and JT_ALL does not use an index, and will always return MAX_KEY.

JT_INDEX_MERGE supports more than one index. Hence MAX_KEY is returned and a further inspection is needed.

◆ eligible_secondary_storage_engine()

const MYSQL_LEX_CSTRING * Sql_cmd_select::eligible_secondary_storage_engine ( THD ) const
overridevirtual

Is this statement of a type and on a form that makes it eligible for execution in a secondary storage engine?

Returns
the name of the secondary storage engine, or nullptr if the statement is not eligible for execution in a secondary storage engine

Reimplemented from Sql_cmd.

◆ eliminate_item_equal()

static Item * eliminate_item_equal ( THD thd,
Item cond,
COND_EQUAL upper_levels,
Item_equal item_equal 
)
static

Generate minimal set of simple equalities equivalent to a multiple equality.

The function retrieves the fields of the multiple equality item item_equal and for each field f:

  • if item_equal contains const it generates the equality f=const_item;
  • otherwise, if f is not the first field, generates the equality f=item_equal->get_first(). All generated equality are added to the cond conjunction.
Parameters
thdthe session context
condcondition to add the generated equality to
upper_levelsstructure to access multiple equality of upper levels
item_equalmultiple equality to generate simple equality from
Note
Before generating an equality function checks that it has not been generated for multiple equalities of the upper levels. E.g. for the following where condition WHERE a=5 AND ((a=b AND b=c) OR c>4) the upper level AND condition will contain =(5,a), while the lower level AND condition will contain =(5,a,b,c). When splitting =(5,a,b,c) into a separate equality predicates we should omit 5=a, as we have it already in the upper level. The following where condition gives us a more complicated case: WHERE t1.a=t2.b AND t3.c=t4.d AND (t2.b=t3.c OR t4.e>5 ...) AND ... Given the tables are accessed in the order t1->t2->t3->t4 for the selected query execution plan the lower level multiple equality =(t1.a,t2.b,t3.c,t4.d) formally should be converted to t1.a=t2.b AND t1.a=t3.c AND t1.a=t4.d. But t1.a=t2.a will be generated for the upper level. Also t3.c=t4.d will be generated there. So only t1.a=t3.c should be left in the lower level. If cond is equal to 0, then not more then one equality is generated and a pointer to it is returned as the result of the function.
Returns
  • The condition with generated simple equalities or a pointer to the simple generated equality, if success.
  • 0, otherwise.

◆ equal()

static bool equal ( const Item i1,
const Item i2,
const Field f2 
)
static

◆ equal_engines()

static bool equal_engines ( const LEX_CSTRING engine1,
const LEX_CSTRING engine2 
)
static

◆ equality_determines_uniqueness()

bool equality_determines_uniqueness ( const Item_func_comparison func,
const Item v,
const Item c 
)

Check if equality can be used to remove sub-clause of GROUP BY/ORDER BY.

Parameters
funccomparison operator (= or <=>)
vvariable comparison operand (validated to be equal to ordering expression)
cother comparison operand (likely to be a constant)
Returns
whether equality determines uniqueness

Checks if an equality predicate can be used to remove a GROUP BY/ORDER BY sub-clause when it is known to be true for exactly one distinct value (e.g. "expr" == "const"). Arguments must be of the same type because e.g. "string_field" = "int_const" may match more than one distinct value from the column.

◆ equality_has_no_implicit_casts()

bool equality_has_no_implicit_casts ( const Item_func_comparison func,
const Item item1,
const Item item2 
)

Check whether equality between two items is exact, ie., there are no implicit casts involved.

This is especially important for GROUP BY/ORDER BY, as it means they can be treated interchangeably. The primary difference between this and equality_determines_uniqueness() is that item2 does not need to be a constant (which makes it stricter in other aspects).

◆ estimate_rowcount()

bool JOIN::estimate_rowcount ( )
private

Estimate the number of matched rows for each joined table.

Set up range scan for tables that have proper predicates. Eliminate tables that have filter conditions that are always false based on analysis performed in resolver phase or analysis of range scan predicates.

Returns
false if success, true if error

◆ execute()

bool Sql_cmd_dml::execute ( THD thd)
overridevirtual

Execute a DML statement.

Parameters
thdthread handler
Returns
false if success, true if error

Processing a statement goes through 6 phases (parsing is already done)

  • Prelocking
  • Preparation
  • Locking of tables
  • Optimization
  • Execution or explain
  • Cleanup

If the statement is already prepared, this step is skipped.

The queries handled by this function are:

SELECT INSERT ... SELECT INSERT ... VALUES REPLACE ... SELECT REPLACE ... VALUES UPDATE (single-table and multi-table) DELETE (single-table and multi-table) DO

Implements Sql_cmd.

Reimplemented in Sql_cmd_show, Sql_cmd_show_noplan, and Sql_cmd_show_status.

◆ execute_inner()

bool Sql_cmd_dml::execute_inner ( THD thd)
protectedvirtual

The inner parts of query optimization and execution.

Execute a DML statement.

Single-table DML operations needs to reimplement this.

Parameters
thdThread handler
Returns
false on success, true on error

This is the default implementation for a DML statement and uses a nested-loop join processor per outer-most query block. The implementation is split in two: One for query expressions containing a single query block and one for query expressions containing multiple query blocks combined with UNION.

Reimplemented in Sql_cmd_call, Sql_cmd_delete, Sql_cmd_insert_values, Sql_cmd_show_routine_code, Sql_cmd_show_binlog_events, Sql_cmd_show_binlogs, Sql_cmd_show_create_database, Sql_cmd_show_create_event, Sql_cmd_show_create_function, Sql_cmd_show_create_procedure, Sql_cmd_show_create_table, Sql_cmd_show_create_trigger, Sql_cmd_show_create_user, Sql_cmd_show_engine_logs, Sql_cmd_show_engine_mutex, Sql_cmd_show_engine_status, Sql_cmd_show_errors, Sql_cmd_show_grants, Sql_cmd_show_binary_log_status, Sql_cmd_show_privileges, Sql_cmd_show_processlist, Sql_cmd_show_profiles, Sql_cmd_show_relaylog_events, Sql_cmd_show_replicas, Sql_cmd_show_replica_status, Sql_cmd_show_warnings, and Sql_cmd_update.

◆ extract_const_tables()

bool JOIN::extract_const_tables ( )
private

Extract const tables based on row counts.

Returns
false if success, true if error

This extraction must be done for each execution. Tables containing exactly zero or one rows are marked as const, but notice the additional constraints checked below. Tables that are extracted have their rows read before actual execution starts and are placed in the beginning of the join_tab array. Thus, they do not take part in join order optimization process, which can significantly reduce the optimization time. The data read from these tables can also be regarded as "constant" throughout query execution, hence the column values can be used for additional constant propagation and extraction of const tables based on eq-ref properties.

The tables are given the type JT_SYSTEM.

◆ extract_func_dependent_tables()

bool JOIN::extract_func_dependent_tables ( )
private

Extract const tables based on functional dependencies.

Returns
false if success, true if error

This extraction must be done for each execution.

Mark as const the tables that

  • are functionally dependent on constant values, or
  • are inner tables of an outer join and contain exactly zero or one rows

Tables that are extracted have their rows read before actual execution starts and are placed in the beginning of the join_tab array, just as described for JOIN::extract_const_tables().

The tables are given the type JT_CONST.

◆ find_and_set_offload_fail_reason()

void find_and_set_offload_fail_reason ( const LEX lex)

◆ find_eq_ref_candidate()

static bool find_eq_ref_candidate ( Table_ref tl,
table_map  sj_inner_tables 
)
static

◆ find_field_in_item_list()

static bool find_field_in_item_list ( Field field,
void *  data 
)
static

Helper function for list_contains_unique_index.

Find a field reference in a dynamic list of Items. Finds a direct reference of the Field in the list.

Parameters
[in]fieldThe field to search for.
[in]dataList<Item> *.The list to search in
Return values
1found
0not found.

◆ find_field_in_order_list()

static bool find_field_in_order_list ( Field field,
void *  data 
)
static

Helper function for list_contains_unique_index.

Find a field reference in a list of ORDER structures. Finds a direct reference of the Field in the list.

Parameters
fieldThe field to search for.
dataORDER *.The list to search in
Return values
1found
0not found.

◆ find_item_equal()

Item_equal * find_item_equal ( COND_EQUAL cond_equal,
const Item_field item_field,
bool *  inherited_fl 
)

Find the multiple equality predicate containing a field.

The function retrieves the multiple equalities accessed through the cond_equal structure from current level and up looking for an equality containing a field. It stops retrieval as soon as the equality is found and set up inherited_fl to true if it's found on upper levels.

Parameters
cond_equalmultiple equalities to search in
item_fieldfield to look for
[out]inherited_flset up to true if multiple equality is found on upper levels (not on current level of cond_equal)
Returns
  • Item_equal for the found multiple equality predicate if a success;
  • nullptr otherwise.

◆ find_secondary_engine_fail_reason()

std::string_view find_secondary_engine_fail_reason ( const LEX lex)

◆ find_shortest_key()

uint find_shortest_key ( TABLE table,
const Key_map usable_keys 
)

Find shortest key suitable for full table scan.

Parameters
tableTable to scan
usable_keysAllowed keys
Note
As far as 1) clustered primary key entry data set is a set of all record fields (key fields and not key fields) and 2) secondary index entry data is a union of its key fields and primary key fields (at least InnoDB and its derivatives don't duplicate primary key fields there, even if the primary and the secondary keys have a common subset of key fields), then secondary index entry data is always a subset of primary key entry. Unfortunately, key_info[nr].key_length doesn't show the length of key/pointer pair but a sum of key field lengths only, thus we can't estimate index IO volume comparing only this key_length value of secondary keys and clustered PK. So, try secondary keys first, and choose PK only if there are no usable secondary covering keys or found best secondary key include all table fields (i.e. same as PK):
Returns
MAX_KEY no suitable key found key index otherwise

◆ find_worst_seeks()

double find_worst_seeks ( const TABLE table,
double  num_rows,
double  table_scan_cost 
)

Find an artificial cap for ref access.

This is mostly a crutch to mitigate that we don't estimate the cache effects of ref accesses properly (ie., normally, if we do many, they will hit cache instead of being separate seeks). Given to find_cost_for_ref().

◆ free_underlaid_joins()

void free_underlaid_joins ( Query_block select)

Free joins of subselect of this select.

Parameters
selectpointer to Query_block which subselects joins we will free

◆ get_best_combination()

bool JOIN::get_best_combination ( )

Set up JOIN_TAB structs according to the picked join order in best_positions.

This allocates execution structures so may be called only after we have the very final plan. It must be called after Optimize_table_order::fix_semijoin_strategies().

Returns
False if success, True if error
  • create join->join_tab array and copy from existing JOIN_TABs in join order
  • create helper structs for materialized semi-join handling
  • finalize semi-join strategy choices
  • Number of intermediate tables "tmp_tables" is calculated.
  • "tables" and "primary_tables" are recalculated.
  • for full and index scans info of estimated # of records is updated.
  • in a helper function:
    • all heuristics are applied and the final access method type is picked for each join_tab (only test_if_skip_sort_order() could override it)
    • AM consistency is ensured (e.g only range and index merge are allowed to have quick select set).
    • if "Impossible WHERE" is detected - appropriate zero_result_cause is set.

Notice that intermediate tables will not have a POSITION reference; and they will not have a TABLE reference before the final stages of code generation.

◆ get_best_field()

Item_field * get_best_field ( Item_field item_field,
COND_EQUAL cond_equal 
)

Get the best field substitution for a given field.

If the field is member of a multiple equality, look up that equality and return the most appropriate field. Usually this is the equivalenced field belonging to the outer-most table in the join order, but

See also
Item_field::get_subst_item() for details. Otherwise, return the same field.
Parameters
item_fieldThe field that we are seeking a substitution for.
cond_equalmultiple equalities to search in
Returns
The substituted field.

◆ get_eligible_secondary_engine()

const MYSQL_LEX_CSTRING * Sql_cmd_dml::get_eligible_secondary_engine ( THD thd) const
protected

Helper function that checks if the command is eligible for secondary engine and if that's true returns the name of that eligible secondary storage engine.

Returns
nullptr if not eligible or the name of the engine otherwise

◆ get_eligible_secondary_engine_from()

const MYSQL_LEX_CSTRING * get_eligible_secondary_engine_from ( const LEX lex)

◆ get_index_for_order()

uint get_index_for_order ( ORDER_with_src order,
TABLE table,
ha_rows  limit,
AccessPath range_scan,
bool *  need_sort,
bool *  reverse 
)

Find a key to apply single table UPDATE/DELETE by a given ORDER.

Parameters
orderLinked list of ORDER BY arguments
tableTable to find a key
limitLIMIT clause parameter
range_scanRange scan used for this table, if any
[out]need_sorttrue if filesort needed
[out]reversetrue if the key is reversed again given ORDER (undefined if key == MAX_KEY)
Returns
  • MAX_KEY if no key found (need_sort == true)
  • MAX_KEY if quick select result order is OK (need_sort == false)
  • key number (either index scan or quick select) (need_sort == false)
Note
Side effects:
  • may deallocate or deallocate and replace select->quick;
  • may set table->quick_condition_rows and table->quick_rows[...] to table->file->stats.records.

◆ get_key_length_tmp_table()

static uint32 get_key_length_tmp_table ( Item item)
static

(end of group Query_Optimizer)

This function is used to get the key length of Item object on which one tmp field will be created during create_tmp_table. This function references KEY_PART_INFO::init_from_field().

Parameters
itemA inner item of outer join
Returns
The length of a item to be as a key of a temp table

◆ get_max_execution_time()

static ulong get_max_execution_time ( THD thd)
inlinestatic

Get the maximum execution time for a statement.

Returns
Length of time in milliseconds.
Remarks
A zero timeout means that no timeout should be applied to this particular statement.

◆ get_quick_record_count()

static ha_rows get_quick_record_count ( THD thd,
JOIN_TAB tab,
ha_rows  limit,
Item condition 
)
static

Returns estimated number of rows that could be fetched by given access method.

The function calls the range optimizer to estimate the cost of the cheapest QUICK_* index access method to scan one or several of the 'keys' using the conditions 'select->cond'. The range optimizer compares several different types of 'quick select' methods (range scan, index merge, loose index scan) and selects the cheapest one.

If the best index access method is cheaper than a table- and an index scan, then the range optimizer also constructs the corresponding QUICK_* object and assigns it to select->quick. In most cases this is the QUICK_* object used at later (optimization and execution) phases.

Parameters
thdSession that runs the query.
tabJOIN_TAB of source table.
limitmaximum number of rows to select.
conditionthe condition to be used for the range check,
Note
In case of valid range, a RowIterator object will be constructed and saved in select->quick.
Returns
Estimated number of result rows selected from 'tab'.
Return values
HA_POS_ERRORFor derived tables/views or if an error occur.
0If impossible query (i.e. certainly no rows will be selected.)

◆ get_secondary_engine_fail_reason()

std::string_view get_secondary_engine_fail_reason ( const LEX lex)

◆ get_secondary_engine_handlerton()

const handlerton * get_secondary_engine_handlerton ( const LEX lex)

Returns secondary_engine handler for the statement.

If none exist, nullptr is returned.

Parameters
lexthe statement

◆ get_semi_join_select_list_index()

static uint get_semi_join_select_list_index ( Item_field item_field)
static

Given a field, return its index in semi-join's select list, or UINT_MAX.

Parameters
item_fieldField to be looked up in select list
Return values
=UINT_MAXField is not from a semijoin-transformed subquery
<UINT_MAXIndex in select list of subquery

Given a field, find its table; then see if the table is within a semi-join nest and if the field was in select list of the subquery (if subquery was part of a quantified comparison predicate), or the field was a result of subquery decorrelation. If it was, then return the field's index in the select list. The value is used by LooseScan strategy.

◆ get_sj_strategy() [1/2]

uint QEP_TAB::get_sj_strategy ( ) const
Returns
semijoin strategy for this table.

◆ get_sj_strategy() [2/2]

uint JOIN_TAB::get_sj_strategy ( ) const
Returns
semijoin strategy for this table.

◆ get_sort_by_table()

static TABLE * get_sort_by_table ( ORDER a,
ORDER b,
Table_ref tables 
)
static

Return table number if there is only one table in sort order and group and order is compatible, else return 0.

◆ get_store_key()

static store_key * get_store_key ( THD thd,
Item val,
table_map  used_tables,
table_map  const_tables,
const KEY_PART_INFO key_part,
uchar key_buff,
uint  maybe_null 
)
static

◆ get_tmp_table_rec_length()

static uint get_tmp_table_rec_length ( const mem_root_deque< Item * > &  items)
static

◆ has_external_table()

bool has_external_table ( const LEX lex)

Checks if any of the tables referenced belong to an external engine.

If an external table is found, return true, false otherwise.

Parameters
lexthe statement

◆ has_not_null_predicate()

static bool has_not_null_predicate ( Item cond,
Item_field not_null_item 
)
static

Check all existing AND'ed predicates in 'cond' for an existing 'is not null 'not_null_item''-predicate.

A condition consisting of multiple AND'ed terms is recursively decomposed in the search for the specified not null predicate.

Parameters
condCondition to be checked.
not_null_itemThe item in: 'is not null 'item'' to search for
Returns
true if 'is not null 'not_null_item'' is a predicate in the specified 'cond'.

◆ has_secondary_engine_defined()

static bool has_secondary_engine_defined ( const LEX lex)
static

◆ init()

void QEP_TAB::init ( JOIN_TAB jt)

Initializes the object from a JOIN_TAB.

◆ init_join_cache()

void QEP_TAB::init_join_cache ( JOIN_TAB join_tab)

A helper function that allocates appropriate join cache object and sets next_query_block function of previous tab.

A helper function that sets the right op type for join cache (BNL/BKA).

◆ init_join_cond_ref()

void JOIN_TAB::init_join_cond_ref ( Table_ref tl)

Sets the pointer to the join condition of Table_ref.

◆ init_planner_arrays()

bool JOIN::init_planner_arrays ( )
private

Initialize scratch arrays for the join order optimization.

Returns
false if success, true if error
Note
If something fails during initialization, JOIN::cleanup() will free anything that has been partially allocated and set up. Arrays are created in the execution mem_root, so they will be deleted automatically when the mem_root is re-initialized.

◆ init_ref()

bool init_ref ( THD thd,
unsigned  keyparts,
unsigned  length,
unsigned  keyno,
Index_lookup ref 
)

Initialize the given TABLE_REF; setting basic fields and allocating memory for arrays.

Call init_ref_part() for each keypart (index field) that is to take part in the ref lookup.

◆ init_ref_access()

bool JOIN::init_ref_access ( )
private

Initialize ref access for all tables that use it.

Returns
False if success, True if error
Note
We cannot setup fields used for ref access before we have sorted the items within multiple equalities according to the final order of the tables involved in the join operation. Currently, this occurs in
See also
substitute_for_best_equal_field().

◆ init_ref_part()

bool init_ref_part ( THD thd,
unsigned  part_no,
Item val,
bool *  cond_guard,
bool  null_rejecting,
table_map  const_tables,
table_map  used_tables,
bool  nullable,
const KEY_PART_INFO key_part_info,
uchar key_buff,
Index_lookup ref 
)

Initialize a given keypart in the table ref.

In particular, sets up the right function pointer to copy the value from “val” into the ref at execution time (or copies the value right now, if it is constant).

◆ is_local_field()

static bool is_local_field ( Item field)
static

Check if an expression is a non-outer field.

Checks if an expression is a field and belongs to the current select.

Parameters
fieldItem expression to check
Returns
boolean
Return values
truethe expression is a local field
falseit's something else

◆ is_prefix_index()

bool is_prefix_index ( TABLE table,
uint  idx 
)

Test if this is a prefix index.

Parameters
tabletable
idxindex to check
Returns
TRUE if this is a prefix index

◆ is_ref_or_null_optimized()

static bool is_ref_or_null_optimized ( const JOIN_TAB tab,
uint  ref_key 
)
static

Test if REF_OR_NULL optimization will be used if the specified ref_key is used for REF-access to 'tab'.

Return values
trueJT_REF_OR_NULL will be used
falseno JT_REF_OR_NULL access

◆ is_row_of_local_columns()

static bool is_row_of_local_columns ( Item_row item_row)
static

Check if a row constructor expression is over columns in the same query block.

Parameters
item_rowRow expression to check.
Returns
boolean
Return values
trueThe expression is a local column reference.
falseIt's something else.

◆ is_show_cmd_using_system_view()

bool is_show_cmd_using_system_view ( THD thd)
inline

Check whether the statement is a SHOW command using INFORMATION_SCHEMA system views.

Parameters
thdThread (session) context.
Returns
true if command uses INFORMATION_SCHEMA system view, false otherwise

◆ is_subkey()

bool is_subkey ( KEY_PART_INFO key_part,
KEY_PART_INFO ref_key_part,
KEY_PART_INFO ref_key_part_end 
)
inline

Test if a second key is the subkey of the first one.

Parameters
key_partFirst key parts
ref_key_partSecond key parts
ref_key_part_endLast+1 part of the second key
Note
Second key MUST be shorter than the first one.
Return values
1is a subkey
0no sub key

◆ is_timer_applicable_to_statement()

static bool is_timer_applicable_to_statement ( THD thd)
inlinestatic

Check whether max statement time is applicable to statement or not.

Parameters
thdThread (session) context.
Returns
true if max statement time is applicable to statement
false otherwise.

◆ join_free()

void JOIN::join_free ( )

Release memory and, if possible, the open tables held by this execution plan (and nested plans).

Partially cleanup JOIN after it has executed: close index or rnd read (table cursors), free quick selects.

It's used to release some tables before the end of execution in order to increase concurrency and reduce memory consumption.

This function is called in the end of execution of a JOIN, before the used tables are unlocked and closed.

For a join that is resolved using a temporary table, the first sweep is performed against actual tables and an intermediate result is inserted into the temporary table. The last sweep is performed against the temporary table. Therefore, the base tables and associated buffers used to fill the temporary table are no longer needed, and this function is called to free them.

For a join that is performed without a temporary table, this function is called after all rows are sent, but before EOF packet is sent.

For a simple SELECT with no subqueries this function performs a full cleanup of the JOIN and calls mysql_unlock_read_tables to free used base tables.

If a JOIN is executed for a subquery or if it has a subquery, we can't do the full cleanup and need to do a partial cleanup only.

  • If a JOIN is not the top level join, we must not unlock the tables because the outer select may not have been evaluated yet, and we can't unlock only selected tables of a query.
  • Additionally, if this JOIN corresponds to a correlated subquery, we should not free quick selects and join buffers because they will be needed for the next execution of the correlated subquery.
  • However, if this is a JOIN for a [sub]select, which is not a correlated subquery itself, but has subqueries, we can free it fully and also free JOINs of all its subqueries. The exception is a subquery in SELECT list, e.g:
    SELECT a, (select max(b) from t1) group by c
    This subquery will not be evaluated at first sweep and its value will not be inserted into the temporary table. Instead, it's evaluated when selecting from the temporary table. Therefore, it can't be freed here even though it's not correlated.

◆ list_contains_unique_index()

static bool list_contains_unique_index ( JOIN_TAB tab,
bool(*)(Field *, void *)  find_func,
void *  data 
)
static

Check if GROUP BY/DISTINCT can be optimized away because the set is already known to be distinct.

Used in removing the GROUP BY/DISTINCT of the following types of statements:

SELECT [DISTINCT] <unique_key_cols>... FROM <single_table_ref>
[GROUP BY <unique_key_cols>,...]
@ DISTINCT
Definition: sql_yacc.h:193

If (a,b,c is distinct) then <any combination of a,b,c>,{whatever} is also distinct

This function checks if all the key parts of any of the unique keys of the table are referenced by a list : either the select list through find_field_in_item_list or GROUP BY list through find_field_in_order_list. If the above holds and the key parts cannot contain NULLs then we can safely remove the GROUP BY/DISTINCT, as no result set can be more distinct than an unique key.

Parameters
tabThe join table to operate on.
find_funcfunction to iterate over the list and search for a field
datadata that's passed through to to find_func
Return values
1found
0not found.
Note
The function assumes that make_outerjoin_info() has been called in order for the check for outer tables to work.

◆ make_cond_for_index()

static Item * make_cond_for_index ( Item cond,
TABLE table,
uint  keyno,
bool  other_tbls_ok 
)
static

◆ make_cond_remainder()

static Item * make_cond_remainder ( Item cond,
bool  exclude_index 
)
static

◆ make_join_plan()

bool JOIN::make_join_plan ( )
private

Calculate best possible join order and initialize the join structure.

Returns
true if success, false if error.

The JOIN object is populated with statistics about the query, and a plan with table order and access method selection is made.

The list of tables to be optimized is taken from query_block->leaf_tables. JOIN::where_cond is also used in the optimization. As a side-effect, JOIN::keyuse_array is populated with key_use information.

Here is an overview of the logic of this function:

  • Initialize JOIN data structures and setup basic dependencies between tables.
  • Update dependencies based on join information.
  • Make key descriptions (update_ref_and_keys()).
  • Pull out semi-join tables based on table dependencies.
  • Extract tables with zero or one rows as const tables.
  • Read contents of const tables, substitute columns from these tables with actual data. Also keep track of empty tables vs. one-row tables.
  • After const table extraction based on row count, more tables may have become functionally dependent. Extract these as const tables.
  • Add new sargable predicates based on retrieved const values.
  • Calculate number of rows to be retrieved from each table.
  • Calculate cost of potential semi-join materializations.
  • Calculate best possible join order based on available statistics.
  • Fill in remaining information for the generated join order.

◆ make_join_query_block()

static bool make_join_query_block ( JOIN join,
Item cond 
)
static

Separates the predicates in a join condition and pushes them to the join step where all involved tables are available in the join prefix.

ON clauses from JOIN expressions are also pushed to the most appropriate step.

Parameters
joinJoin object where predicates are pushed.
condPointer to condition which may contain an arbitrary number of predicates, combined using AND, OR and XOR items. If NULL, equivalent to a predicate that returns true for all row combinations.
Return values
trueFound impossible WHERE clause, or out-of-memory
falseOther

◆ make_join_readinfo()

bool make_join_readinfo ( JOIN join,
uint  no_jbuf_after 
)

Plan refinement stage: do various setup things for the executor.

Parameters
joinJoin being processed
no_jbuf_afterDon't use join buffering after table with this number.
Returns
false if successful, true if error (Out of memory)

Plan refinement stage: do various set ups for the executioner

  • setup join buffering use
  • push index conditions
  • increment relevant counters
  • etc

◆ make_sum_func_list()

bool JOIN::make_sum_func_list ( const mem_root_deque< Item * > &  fields,
bool  before_group_by,
bool  recompute = false 
)

Initialize 'sum_funcs' array with all Item_sum objects.

Parameters
fieldsAll items
before_group_bySet to 1 if this is called before GROUP BY handling
recomputeSet to true if sum_funcs must be recomputed
Return values
0ok
1error

◆ make_tmp_tables_info()

bool JOIN::make_tmp_tables_info ( )
private

Init tmp tables usage info.

This function finalizes execution plan by taking following actions: .) tmp tables are created, but not instantiated (this is done during execution). QEP_TABs dedicated to tmp tables are filled appropriately. see JOIN::create_intermediate_table. .) prepare fields lists (fields, all_fields, ref_item_array slices) for each required stage of execution. These fields lists are set for tmp tables' tabs and for the tab of last table in the join. .) fill info for sorting/grouping/dups removal is prepared and saved to appropriate tabs. Here is an example: SELECT * from t1,t2 WHERE ... GROUP BY t1.f1 ORDER BY t2.f2, t1.f2 and lets assume that the table order in the plan is t1,t2. In this case optimizer will sort for group only the first table as the second one isn't mentioned in GROUP BY. The result will be materialized in tmp table. As filesort can't sort join optimizer will sort tmp table also. The first sorting (for group) is called simple as is doesn't require tmp table. The Filesort object for it is created here - in JOIN::create_intermediate_table. Filesort for the second case is created here, in JOIN::make_tmp_tables_info.

Note
This function may change tmp_table_param.precomputed_group_by. This affects how create_tmp_table() treats aggregation functions, so count_field_types() must be called again to make sure this is taken into consideration.
Returns
false - Ok true - Error

◆ merge_key_fields()

static Key_field * merge_key_fields ( Key_field start,
Key_field new_fields,
Key_field end,
uint  and_level 
)
static

Merge new key definitions to old ones, remove those not used in both.

This is called for OR between different levels.

To be able to do 'ref_or_null' we merge a comparison of a column and 'column IS NULL' to one test. This is useful for sub select queries that are internally transformed to something like:.

SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE t1.key=outer_ref_field or t1.key IS NULL

Key_field::null_rejecting is processed as follows:
result has null_rejecting=true if it is set for both ORed references. for example:

  • (t2.key = t1.field OR t2.key = t1.field) -> null_rejecting=true
  • (t2.key = t1.field OR t2.key <=> t1.field) -> null_rejecting=false

◆ MoveUnstructuredToStructuredTrace()

static void MoveUnstructuredToStructuredTrace ( THD thd)
static

Move unstructured trace text (as used by Hypergraph) into the JSON tree.

◆ notify_plugins_after_select()

void notify_plugins_after_select ( THD thd,
const Sql_cmd cmd 
)

Notify plugins about an executed SELECT statement.

Parameters
thdthe current session
cmdcommand to be notified about

◆ only_eq_ref_tables()

static bool only_eq_ref_tables ( JOIN join,
ORDER order,
table_map  tables,
table_map cached_eq_ref_tables,
table_map eq_ref_tables 
)
static
See also
eq_ref_table()

◆ optimize() [1/2]

bool JOIN::optimize ( bool  finalize_access_paths)

Optimizes one query block into a query execution plan (QEP.)

This is the entry point to the query optimization phase. This phase applies both logical (equivalent) query rewrites, cost-based join optimization, and rule-based access path selection. Once an optimal plan is found, the member function creates/initializes all structures needed for query execution. The main optimization phases are outlined below:

  1. Logical transformations:
    • Outer to inner joins transformation.
    • Equality/constant propagation.
    • Partition pruning.
    • COUNT(*), MIN(), MAX() constant substitution in case of implicit grouping.
    • ORDER BY optimization.
  2. Perform cost-based optimization of table order and access path selection. See JOIN::make_join_plan()
  3. Post-join order optimization:
    • Create optimal table conditions from the where clause and the join conditions.
    • Inject outer-join guarding conditions.
    • Adjust data access methods after determining table condition (several times.)
    • Optimize ORDER BY/DISTINCT.
  4. Code generation
    • Set data access functions.
    • Try to optimize away sorting/distinct.
    • Setup temporary table usage for grouping and/or sorting.
Return values
falseSuccess.
trueError, error code saved in member JOIN::error.

◆ optimize() [2/2]

bool Query_block::optimize ( THD thd,
bool  finalize_access_paths 
)

Optimize a query block and all inner query expressions.

Parameters
thdthread handler
finalize_access_pathsif true, finalize access paths, cf. FinalizePlanForQueryBlock
Returns
false if success, true if error

◆ optimize_distinct_group_order()

bool JOIN::optimize_distinct_group_order ( )
private

Optimize DISTINCT, GROUP BY, ORDER BY clauses.

Return values
falseok
truean error occurred

◆ optimize_secondary_engine()

bool optimize_secondary_engine ( THD thd)

Perform query optimizations that are specific to a secondary storage engine.

Parameters
thdthe current session
Returns
true on error, false on success

◆ optimize_semijoin_nests_for_materialization()

static bool optimize_semijoin_nests_for_materialization ( JOIN join)
static

Optimize semi-join nests that could be run with sj-materialization.

Parameters
joinThe join to optimize semi-join nests for

Optimize each of the semi-join nests that can be run with materialization. For each of the nests, we

  • Generate the best join order for this "sub-join" and remember it;
  • Remember the sub-join execution cost (it's part of materialization cost);
  • Calculate other costs that will be incurred if we decide to use materialization strategy for this semi-join nest.

All obtained information is saved and will be used by the main join optimization pass.

Returns
false if successful, true if error

◆ precheck()

bool Sql_cmd_select::precheck ( THD thd)
overrideprotectedvirtual

Perform an authorization precheck for an unprepared SELECT statement.

This function will check that we have some privileges to all involved tables of the query (and possibly to other entities).

Implements Sql_cmd_dml.

Reimplemented in Sql_cmd_show.

◆ prepare()

bool Sql_cmd_dml::prepare ( THD thd)
overridevirtual

Command-specific resolving (doesn't include LEX::prepare())

Parameters
thdCurrent THD.
Returns
false on success, true on error

Reimplemented from Sql_cmd.

◆ prepare_inner()

bool Sql_cmd_select::prepare_inner ( THD thd)
overrideprotectedvirtual

Prepare a SELECT statement.

Implements Sql_cmd_dml.

◆ prepare_result()

bool JOIN::prepare_result ( )

Prepare join result.

Prepare join result prior to join execution or describing. Instantiate derived tables and get schema tables result if necessary.

Returns
true An error during derived or schema tables instantiation. false Ok

◆ propagate_cond_constants()

static bool propagate_cond_constants ( THD thd,
I_List< COND_CMP > *  save_list,
Item and_father,
Item cond 
)
static

Propagate constant values in a condition.

Parameters
thdThread handler
save_listsaved list of COND_CMP
and_fatherfather of AND op
condCondition for which constant values are propagated
Returns
false if success, true if error

◆ propagate_dependencies()

bool JOIN::propagate_dependencies ( )

Propagate dependencies between tables due to outer join relations.

Returns
false if success, true if error
false if success, true if error

Build transitive closure for relation 'to be dependent on'. This will speed up the plan search for many cases with outer joins, as well as allow us to catch illegal cross references. Warshall's algorithm is used to build the transitive closure. As we may restart the outer loop up to 'table_count' times, the complexity of the algorithm is O((number of tables)^3). However, most of the iterations will be shortcircuited when there are no dependencies to propagate.

◆ prune_table_partitions()

bool JOIN::prune_table_partitions ( )
private

Prune partitions for all tables of a join (query block).

Requires that tables have been locked.

Returns
false if success, true if error

◆ pull_out_semijoin_tables()

static bool pull_out_semijoin_tables ( JOIN join)
static

Pull tables out of semi-join nests based on functional dependencies.

Parameters
joinThe join where to do the semi-join table pullout
Returns
False if successful, true if error (Out of memory)

Pull tables out of semi-join nests based on functional dependencies, ie. if a table is accessed via eq_ref(outer_tables). The function may be called several times, the caller is responsible for setting up proper key information that this function acts upon.

PRECONDITIONS When this function is called, the join may have several semi-join nests but it is guaranteed that one semi-join nest does not contain another. For functionally dependent tables to be pulled out, key information must have been calculated (see update_ref_and_keys()).

POSTCONDITIONS Tables that were pulled out are removed from the semi-join nest they belonged to and added to the parent join nest. For these tables, the used_tables and not_null_tables fields of the semi-join nest they belonged to will be adjusted. The semi-join nest is also marked as correlated, and sj_corr_tables and sj_depends_on are adjusted if necessary. Semi-join nests' sj_inner_tables is set equal to used_tables

NOTE Table pullout may make uncorrelated subquery correlated. Consider this example:

... WHERE oe IN (SELECT it1.primary_key WHERE p(it1, it2) ... )

here table it1 can be pulled out (we have it1.primary_key=oe which gives us functional dependency). Once it1 is pulled out, all references to it1 from p(it1, it2) become references to outside of the subquery and thus make the subquery (i.e. its semi-join nest) correlated. Making the subquery (i.e. its semi-join nest) correlated prevents us from using Materialization or LooseScan to execute it.

◆ push_index_cond()

void QEP_TAB::push_index_cond ( const JOIN_TAB join_tab,
uint  keyno,
Opt_trace_object trace_obj 
)

Try to extract and push the index condition down to table handler.

Parameters
join_tabjoin_tab for table
keynoIndex for which extract and push the condition
trace_objtrace object where information is to be added

◆ push_to_engines()

bool JOIN::push_to_engines ( )

Handle offloading of query parts to the underlying engines, when such is supported by their implementation.

Push (parts of) the query execution down to the storage engines if they can provide faster execution of the query, or part of it.

Returns
false if success, true if error

The handler will inspect the QEP through the AQP (Abstract Query Plan) and extract from it whatever it might implement of pushed execution.

It is the responsibility of the handler to store any information it need for the later execution of pushed queries and conditions.

Return values
falseSuccess.
trueError, error code saved in member JOIN::error.

◆ qs_cleanup()

void QEP_shared_owner::qs_cleanup ( )

◆ query_result()

Query_result * Sql_cmd_dml::query_result ( ) const
Returns
the query result associated with a prepared query

◆ reads_not_secondary_columns()

bool reads_not_secondary_columns ( const LEX lex)

Checks if a query reads a column that is not available in the secondary engine (i.e.

a column defined with NOT SECONDARY).

Parameters
lexParse tree descriptor.
Returns
True if at least one of the read columns is not in the secondary engine, false otherwise.

◆ refresh_base_slice()

void JOIN::refresh_base_slice ( )

In the case of rollup (only): After the base slice list was made, we may have modified the field list to add rollup group items and sum switchers, but there may be Items with refs that refer to the base slice.

This function refreshes the base slice (and its copy, REF_SLICE_SAVED_BASE) with a fresh copy of the list from “fields”.

When we get rid of slices entirely, we can get rid of this, too.

◆ replace_index_subquery()

int JOIN::replace_index_subquery ( )
private

Check whether this is a subquery that can be evaluated by index look-ups.

If so, change subquery engine to subselect_indexsubquery_engine.

Return values
1engine was changed
0engine wasn't changed
-1OOM or other error

◆ reset()

void JOIN::reset ( void  )

Reset the state of this join object so that it is ready for a new execution.

◆ reset_statement_timer()

void reset_statement_timer ( THD thd)

Deactivate the timer associated with the statement that was executed.

Parameters
thdThread (session) context.

◆ restore_cmd_properties()

bool Sql_cmd_dml::restore_cmd_properties ( THD thd)
protectedvirtual

Restore command properties before execution.

  • Bind metadata for tables and fields
  • Restore clauses (e.g ORDER BY, GROUP BY) that were destroyed in last optimization.

Reimplemented in Sql_cmd_insert_base.

◆ retry_with_secondary_engine()

static bool retry_with_secondary_engine ( THD thd)
static

Checks if a query should be retried using a secondary storage engine.

Parameters
thdthe current session
Return values
trueif the statement should be retried in a secondary engine
falseif the statement should not be retried

◆ revise_cache_usage()

static void revise_cache_usage ( JOIN_TAB join_tab)
static

◆ save_cmd_properties()

bool Sql_cmd_dml::save_cmd_properties ( THD thd)
protectedvirtual

Save command properties, such as prepared query details and table props.

◆ SaveCondEqualLists()

static void SaveCondEqualLists ( COND_EQUAL cond_equal)
static

The List<Item_equal> in COND_EQUAL partially overlaps with the argument list in various Item_cond via C-style casts.

However, the hypergraph optimizer can modify the lists in Item_cond (by calling compile()), causing an Item_equal to be replaced with Item_func_eq, and this can cause a List<Item_equal> not to contain Item_equal pointers anymore. This is is obviously bad if anybody wants to actually look into these lists after optimization (in particular, NDB wants this).

Since untangling this spaghetti seems very hard, we solve it by brute force: Make a copy of all the COND_EQUAL lists, so that they no longer reach into the Item_cond. This allows us to modify the Item_cond at will.

◆ semijoin_types_allow_materialization()

static void semijoin_types_allow_materialization ( Table_ref sj_nest)
static

Check if semijoin's compared types allow materialization.

Parameters
[in,out]sj_nestSemi-join nest containing information about correlated expressions. Set nested_join->sjm.scan_allowed to true if MaterializeScan strategy allowed. Set nested_join->sjm.lookup_allowed to true if MaterializeLookup strategy allowed

This is a temporary fix for BUG#36752.

There are two subquery materialization strategies for semijoin:

  1. Materialize and do index lookups in the materialized table. See BUG#36752 for description of restrictions we need to put on the compared expressions.

    In addition, since indexes are not supported for BLOB columns, this strategy can not be used if any of the columns in the materialized table will be BLOB/GEOMETRY columns. (Note that also columns for non-BLOB values that may be greater in size than CONVERT_IF_BIGGER_TO_BLOB, will be represented as BLOB columns.)

  2. Materialize and then do a full scan of the materialized table. The same criteria as for MaterializeLookup are applied, except that BLOB/GEOMETRY columns are allowed.

◆ set_fail_reason_and_raise_error()

void set_fail_reason_and_raise_error ( const LEX lex,
std::string_view  reason 
)

◆ set_plan_state()

void JOIN::set_plan_state ( enum_plan_state  plan_state_arg)
private

Sets the plan's state of the JOIN.

This is always the final step of optimization; starting from this call, we expose the plan to other connections (via EXPLAIN CONNECTION) so the plan has to be final. keyread_optim is set here.

◆ set_prefix_tables()

void JOIN::set_prefix_tables ( )
private

Assign set of available (prefix) tables to all tables in query block.

Also set added tables, ie the tables added in each JOIN_TAB compared to the previous JOIN_TAB. This function must be called for every query block after the table order has been determined.

◆ set_query_result()

void Sql_cmd_dml::set_query_result ( Query_result result)

Set query result object for this query statement.

◆ set_secondary_engine_fail_reason()

static bool set_secondary_engine_fail_reason ( const LEX lex,
std::string_view  reason 
)
static

◆ set_semijoin_embedding()

void JOIN::set_semijoin_embedding ( )
private

Set semi-join embedding join nest pointers.

Set pointer to embedding semi-join nest for all semi-joined tables. This is the closest semi-join or anti-join nest. Note that this must be done for every table inside all semi-join nests, even for tables within outer join nests embedded in semi-join nests. A table can never be part of multiple semi-join nests, hence no ambiguities can ever occur. Note also that the pointer is not set for Table_ref objects that are outer join nests within semi-join nests.

◆ set_semijoin_info()

void JOIN::set_semijoin_info ( )
private

Set the first_sj_inner_tab and last_sj_inner_tab fields for all tables inside the semijoin nests of the query.

◆ set_statement_timer()

bool set_statement_timer ( THD thd)

Set the time until the currently running statement is aborted.

Parameters
thdThread (session) context.
Returns
true if the timer was armed.

whether timer can be set for the statement or not should be checked before calling set_statement_timer function.

◆ set_table()

void JOIN_TAB::set_table ( TABLE t)

◆ setup_join_buffering()

static bool setup_join_buffering ( JOIN_TAB tab,
JOIN join,
uint  no_jbuf_after 
)
static

Set up join buffering for a specified table, if possible.

Parameters
tabjoined table to check join buffer usage for
joinjoin for which the check is performed
no_jbuf_afterdon't use join buffering after table with this number
Returns
false if successful, true if error. Currently, allocation errors for join cache objects are ignored, and regular execution is chosen silently.

The function finds out whether the table 'tab' can be joined using a join buffer. This check is performed after the best execution plan for 'join' has been chosen. If the function decides that a join buffer can be employed then it selects the most appropriate join cache type, which later will be instantiated by init_join_cache(). If it has already been decided to not use join buffering for this table, no action is taken.

Often it is already decided that join buffering will be used earlier in the optimization process, and this will also ensure that the most correct cost for the operation is calculated, and hence the probability of choosing an optimal join plan is higher. However, some join buffering decisions cannot currently be taken before this stage, hence we need this function to decide the most accurate join buffering strategy.

The result of the check and the type of the join buffer to be used depend on:

  • the access method to access rows of the joined table
  • whether the join table is an inner table of an outer join or semi-join
  • the optimizer_switch settings for join buffering
  • the join 'options'. In any case join buffer is not used if the number of the joined table is greater than 'no_jbuf_after'.

If block_nested_loop is turned on, and if all other criteria for using join buffering is fulfilled (see below), then join buffer is used for any join operation (inner join, outer join, semi-join) with 'JT_ALL' access method. In that case, a JOIN_CACHE_BNL type is always employed.

If an index is used to access rows of the joined table and batched_key_access is on, then a JOIN_CACHE_BKA type is employed.

If the function decides that a join buffer can be used to join the table 'tab' then it sets tab->use_join_cache to reflect the chosen algorithm.

Note
For a nested outer join/semi-join, currently, we either use join buffers for all inner tables or for none of them.

Join buffering is enabled for a few more cases for secondary engine. Currently if blocked nested loop(BNL) is employed for join buffering, it is replaced by hash joins in the executor. So the reasons for disabling join buffering because of the way BNL works are no more valid. This gives us an oppotunity to enable join buffering for more cases. However, we enable it only for secondary engine (in particular for semijoins), because of the following reasons: Secondary engine does not care about the cost based decisions involved in arriving at the best possible semijoin strategy; because it can only interpret a plan using "FirstMatch" strategy and can only do table scans. So the choices are very limited. However, it's not the case for mysql. There are serveral semijoin stratagies that could be picked. And these are picked based on the assumption that a nested-loop join(NLJ) would be used because optimizer currently generates plans only for NLJs and not hash joins. So, when executor replaces with hash joins, the number of rows that would be looked into for a particular semijoin strategy will differ from what the optimizer presumed while picking that strategy. For mysql server, we could enable join buffering for more cases, when a cost model for using hash joins is developed and optimizer could generate plans for hash joins.

      JOIN_TAB *first_tab= join->join_tab+join->const_tables;
      uint n_tables= i-join->const_tables;
      / *
        We normally put all preceding tables into the join buffer, except
        for the constant tables.
        If we're inside a semi-join materialization nest, e.g.

           outer_tbl1  outer_tbl2  ( inner_tbl1, inner_tbl2 ) ...
                                                     ^-- we're here

        then we need to put into the join buffer only the tables from
        within the nest.
      * /
      if (i >= first_sjm_table && i < last_sjm_table)
      {
        n_tables= i - first_sjm_table; // will be >0 if we got here
        first_tab= join->join_tab + first_sjm_table;
      }

◆ setup_semijoin_dups_elimination()

static bool setup_semijoin_dups_elimination ( JOIN join,
uint  no_jbuf_after 
)
static

Setup the strategies to eliminate semi-join duplicates.

Parameters
joinJoin to process
no_jbuf_afterDo not use join buffering after the table with this number
Return values
falseOK
trueOut of memory error

Setup the strategies to eliminate semi-join duplicates. At the moment there are 5 strategies:

  1. DuplicateWeedout (use of temptable to remove duplicates based on rowids of row combinations)
  2. FirstMatch (pick only the 1st matching row combination of inner tables)
  3. LooseScan (scanning the sj-inner table in a way that groups duplicates together and picking the 1st one)
  4. MaterializeLookup (Materialize inner tables, then setup a scan over outer correlated tables, lookup in materialized table)
  5. MaterializeScan (Materialize inner tables, then setup a scan over materialized tables, perform lookup in outer tables)

The join order has "duplicate-generating ranges", and every range is served by one strategy or a combination of FirstMatch with with some other strategy.

"Duplicate-generating range" is defined as a range within the join order that contains all of the inner tables of a semi-join. All ranges must be disjoint, if tables of several semi-joins are interleaved, then the ranges are joined together, which is equivalent to converting

SELECT ... WHERE oe1 IN (SELECT ie1 ...) AND oe2 IN (SELECT ie2 )

to

SELECT ... WHERE (oe1, oe2) IN (SELECT ie1, ie2 ... ...).

Applicability conditions are as follows:

DuplicateWeedout strategy
(ot|nt)* [ it ((it|ot|nt)* (it|ot))] (nt)*
+------+ +=========================+ +---+
(1) (2) (3)
  1. Prefix of OuterTables (those that participate in IN-equality and/or are correlated with subquery) and outer Non-correlated tables.
  2. The handled range. The range starts with the first sj-inner table, and covers all sj-inner and outer tables Within the range, Inner, Outer, outer non-correlated tables may follow in any order.
  3. The suffix of outer non-correlated tables.
FirstMatch strategy
(ot|nt)* [ it (it)* ] (nt)*
+------+ +==========+ +---+
(1) (2) (3)
  1. Prefix of outer correlated and non-correlated tables
  2. The handled range, which may contain only inner tables.
  3. The suffix of outer non-correlated tables.
LooseScan strategy
(ot|ct|nt) [ loosescan_tbl (ot|nt|it)* it ] (ot|nt)*
+--------+ +===========+ +=============+ +------+
(1) (2) (3) (4)
  1. Prefix that may contain any outer tables. The prefix must contain all the non-trivially correlated outer tables. (non-trivially means that the correlation is not just through the IN-equality).
  2. Inner table for which the LooseScan scan is performed. Notice that special requirements for existence of certain indexes apply to this table,
    See also
    class Loose_scan_opt.
  3. The remainder of the duplicate-generating range. It is served by application of FirstMatch strategy. Outer IN-correlated tables must be correlated to the LooseScan table but not to the inner tables in this range. (Currently, there can be no outer tables in this range because of implementation restrictions,
    See also
    Optimize_table_order::advance_sj_state()).
  4. The suffix of outer correlated and non-correlated tables.
MaterializeLookup strategy
(ot|nt)* [ it (it)* ] (nt)*
+------+ +==========+ +---+
(1) (2) (3)
  1. Prefix of outer correlated and non-correlated tables.
  2. The handled range, which may contain only inner tables. The inner tables are materialized in a temporary table that is later used as a lookup structure for the outer correlated tables.
  3. The suffix of outer non-correlated tables.
MaterializeScan strategy
(ot|nt)* [ it (it)* ] (ot|nt)*
+------+ +==========+ +-----+
(1) (2) (3)
  1. Prefix of outer correlated and non-correlated tables.
  2. The handled range, which may contain only inner tables. The inner tables are materialized in a temporary table which is later used to setup a scan.
  3. The suffix of outer correlated and non-correlated tables.

Note that MaterializeLookup and MaterializeScan has overlap in their patterns. It may be possible to consolidate the materialization strategies into one.

The choice between the strategies is made by the join optimizer (see advance_sj_state() and fix_semijoin_strategies()). This function sets up all fields/structures/etc needed for execution except for setup/initialization of semi-join materialization which is done in setup_materialized_table().

◆ setup_semijoin_materialized_table()

bool JOIN::setup_semijoin_materialized_table ( JOIN_TAB tab,
uint  tableno,
POSITION inner_pos,
POSITION sjm_pos 
)
private

Setup the materialized table for a semi-join nest.

Parameters
tabjoin_tab for the materialized semi-join table
tablenotable number of materialized table
inner_posinformation about the first inner table of the subquery
sjm_posinformation about the materialized semi-join table, to be filled with data.

Setup execution structures for one semi-join materialization nest:

  • Create the materialization temporary table, including Table_ref object.
  • Create a list of Item_field objects per column in the temporary table.
  • Create a keyuse array describing index lookups into the table (for MaterializeLookup)
Returns
False if OK, True if error

◆ simple_remove_const()

ORDER * simple_remove_const ( ORDER order,
Item where 
)

Filter out ORDER BY items that are equal to constants in WHERE condition.

This function is a limited version of remove_const() for use with non-JOIN statements (i.e. single-table UPDATE and DELETE).

Parameters
orderLinked list of ORDER BY arguments.
whereWhere condition.
Returns
pointer to new filtered ORDER list or NULL if whole list eliminated
Note
This function overwrites input order list.

◆ sj_table_is_included()

static bool sj_table_is_included ( JOIN join,
JOIN_TAB join_tab 
)
static

◆ sjm_query_block_id()

uint QEP_TAB::sjm_query_block_id ( ) const
Returns
query block id for an inner table of materialized semi-join, and 0 for all other tables.
Note
implementation is not efficient (loops over all tables) - use this function only in EXPLAIN.

◆ sort_keyuse()

static bool sort_keyuse ( const Key_use a,
const Key_use b 
)
static

Compares two keyuse elements.

Parameters
afirst Key_use element
bsecond Key_use element

Compare Key_use elements so that they are sorted as follows:

  1. By table.
  2. By key for each table.
  3. By keypart for each key.
  4. Const values.
  5. Ref_or_null.
Return values
trueIf a < b.
falseIf a >= b.

◆ substitute_for_best_equal_field()

Item * substitute_for_best_equal_field ( THD thd,
Item cond,
COND_EQUAL cond_equal,
JOIN_TAB **  table_join_idx 
)

Substitute every field reference in a condition by the best equal field and eliminate all multiple equality predicates.

The function retrieves the cond condition and for each encountered multiple equality predicate it sorts the field references in it according to the order of tables specified by the table_join_idx parameter. Then it eliminates the multiple equality predicate by replacing it with the conjunction of simple equality predicates equating every field from the multiple equality to the first field in it, or to the constant, if there is any. After this, the function retrieves all other conjuncted predicates and substitutes every field reference by the field reference to the first equal field or equal constant if there are any.

Parameters
thdthe session context
condcondition to process
cond_equalmultiple equalities to take into consideration
table_join_idxindex to tables determining field preference
Note
At the first glance, a full sort of fields in multiple equality seems to be an overkill. Yet it's not the case due to possible new fields in multiple equality item of lower levels. We want the order in them to comply with the order of upper levels.
Returns
The transformed condition, or NULL in case of error

◆ substitute_gc()

bool substitute_gc ( THD thd,
Query_block query_block,
Item where_cond,
ORDER group_list,
ORDER order 
)

Substitute all expressions in the WHERE condition and ORDER/GROUP lists that match generated columns (GC) expressions with GC fields, if any.

This function does 3 things: 1) Creates list of all GC fields that are a part of a key and the GC expression is a function. All query tables are scanned. If there's no such fields, function exits. 2) By means of Item::compile() WHERE clause is transformed.

See also
Item_func::gc_subst_transformer() for details. 3) If there's ORDER/GROUP BY clauses, this function tries to substitute expressions in these lists with GC too. It removes from the list of indexed GC all elements which index blocked by hints. This is done to reduce amount of further work. Next it goes through ORDER/GROUP BY list and matches the expression in it against GC expressions in indexed GC list. When a match is found, the expression is replaced with a new Item_field for the matched GC field. Also, this new field is added to the hidden part of all_fields list.
Parameters
thdthread handle
query_blockthe current select
where_condthe WHERE condition, possibly NULL
group_listthe GROUP BY clause, possibly NULL
orderthe ORDER BY clause, possibly NULL
Returns
true if the GROUP BY clause or the ORDER BY clause was changed, false otherwise

◆ test_if_cheaper_ordering()

bool test_if_cheaper_ordering ( const JOIN_TAB tab,
ORDER_with_src order,
TABLE table,
Key_map  usable_keys,
int  ref_key,
ha_rows  select_limit,
int *  new_key,
int *  new_key_direction,
ha_rows new_select_limit,
uint *  new_used_key_parts,
uint *  saved_best_key_parts,
double *  new_read_time 
)

Find a cheaper access key than a given key.

Parameters
tabNULL or JOIN_TAB of the accessed table
orderLinked list of ORDER BY arguments
tableTable if tab == NULL or tab->table()
usable_keysKey map to find a cheaper key in
ref_key0 <= key < MAX_KEY - key number (hint) to start the search -1 - no key number provided
select_limitLIMIT value, or HA_POS_ERROR if no limit
[out]new_keyKey number if success, otherwise undefined
[out]new_key_directionReturn -1 (reverse) or +1 if success, otherwise undefined
[out]new_select_limitReturn adjusted LIMIT
[out]new_used_key_partsNULL by default, otherwise return number of new_key prefix columns if success or undefined if the function fails
[out]saved_best_key_partsNULL by default, otherwise preserve the value for further use in ReverseIndexRangeScanIterator
[out]new_read_timeNULL by default, otherwise return the cost of access using new_key if success or undefined if the function fails
Note
This function takes into account table->quick_condition_rows statistic (that is calculated by JOIN::make_join_plan()). However, single table procedures such as mysql_update() and mysql_delete() never call JOIN::make_join_plan(), so they have to update it manually (
See also
get_index_for_order()). This function resets bits in TABLE::quick_keys for indexes with mixed ASC/DESC keyparts as range scan doesn't support range reordering required for them.

◆ test_if_ft_index_order()

static Item_func_match * test_if_ft_index_order ( ORDER order)
static

Test if ORDER BY is a single MATCH function(ORDER BY MATCH) and sort order is descending.

Parameters
orderpointer to ORDER struct.
Return values
Pointerto MATCH function if order is 'ORDER BY MATCH() DESC'
NULLotherwise

◆ test_if_order_by_key()

int test_if_order_by_key ( ORDER_with_src order_src,
TABLE table,
uint  idx,
uint *  used_key_parts,
bool *  skip_quick 
)

Test if one can use the key to resolve ordering.

Parameters
order_srcSort order
tableTable to sort
idxIndex to check
[out]used_key_partsNULL by default, otherwise return value for used key parts.
[out]skip_quickWhether found index can be used for backward range scans
Note
used_key_parts is set to correct key parts used if return value != 0 (On other cases, used_key_part may be changed) Note that the value may actually be greater than the number of index key parts. This can happen for storage engines that have the primary key parts as a suffix for every secondary key.
Return values
1key is ok.
0Key can't be used
-1Reverse key can be used

◆ test_if_skip_sort_order()

static bool test_if_skip_sort_order ( JOIN_TAB tab,
ORDER_with_src order,
ha_rows  select_limit,
const bool  no_changes,
const Key_map map,
int *  order_idx 
)
static

Test if we can skip ordering by using an index.

If the current plan is to use an index that provides ordering, the plan will not be changed. Otherwise, if an index can be used, the JOIN_TAB / tab->select struct is changed to use the index.

The index must cover all fields in <order>, or it will not be considered.

Parameters
tabNULL or JOIN_TAB of the accessed table
orderLinked list of ORDER BY arguments
select_limitLIMIT value, or HA_POS_ERROR if no limit
no_changesNo changes will be made to the query plan.
mapKey_map of applicable indexes.
[out]order_idxNumber of index selected, -1 if no applicable index found
Note
This function may change tmp_table_param.precomputed_group_by. This affects how create_tmp_table() treats aggregation functions, so count_field_types() must be called again to make sure this is taken into consideration.
Return values
0We have to use filesort to do the sorting
1We can use an index.

◆ test_if_subkey()

static uint test_if_subkey ( ORDER_with_src order,
JOIN_TAB tab,
uint  ref,
uint  ref_key_parts,
const Key_map usable_keys 
)
static

Test if we can use one of the 'usable_keys' instead of 'ref' key for sorting.

Parameters
orderThe query block's order clause.
tabCurrent JOIN_TAB.
refNumber of key, used for WHERE clause
ref_key_partsIndex columns used for ref lookup.
usable_keysKeys for testing
Returns
  • MAX_KEY If we can't use other key
  • the number of found key Otherwise

◆ test_if_subpart()

bool test_if_subpart ( ORDER a,
ORDER b 
)

Return 1 if second is a subpart of first argument.

If first parts has different direction, change it to second part (group is sorted like order)

◆ test_skip_sort()

void JOIN::test_skip_sort ( )
private

Test if an index could be used to replace filesort for ORDER BY/GROUP BY.

Investigate whether we may use an ordered index as part of either DISTINCT, GROUP BY or ORDER BY execution. An ordered index may be used for only the first of any of these terms to be executed. This is reflected in the order which we check for test_if_skip_sort_order() below. However we do not check for DISTINCT here, as it would have been transformed to a GROUP BY at this stage if it is a candidate for ordered index optimization. If a decision was made to use an ordered index, the availability if such an access path is stored in 'm_ordered_index_usage' for later use by 'execute' or 'explain'

◆ trace_table_dependencies()

static void trace_table_dependencies ( Opt_trace_context trace,
JOIN_TAB join_tabs,
uint  table_count 
)
static

Writes to the optimizer trace information about dependencies between tables.

Parameters
traceoptimizer trace
join_tabsall JOIN_TABs of the join
table_counthow many JOIN_TABs in the 'join_tabs' array

◆ type_conversion_status_to_store_key()

static store_key::store_key_result type_conversion_status_to_store_key ( THD thd,
type_conversion_status  ts 
)
static

◆ types_allow_materialization()

bool types_allow_materialization ( Item outer,
Item inner 
)

Check if two items are compatible wrt.

materialization.

Parameters
outerExpression from outer query
innerExpression from inner query
Return values
trueIf subquery types allow materialization.
falseOtherwise.
Note
the purpose is similar to that of comparable_in_index().

◆ unplug_join_tabs()

void JOIN::unplug_join_tabs ( )
private

◆ update_depend_map() [1/2]

void JOIN::update_depend_map ( )
private

Update the dependency map for the tables.

◆ update_depend_map() [2/2]

void JOIN::update_depend_map ( ORDER order)
private

Update the dependency map for the sort order.

◆ update_equalities_for_sjm()

bool JOIN::update_equalities_for_sjm ( )

Update equalities and keyuse references after semi-join materialization strategy is chosen.

For each multiple equality that contains a field that is selected from a subquery, and that subquery is executed using a semi-join materialization strategy, add the corresponding column in the materialized temporary table to the equality. For each injected semi-join equality that is not converted to multiple equality, replace the reference to the expression selected from the subquery with the corresponding column in the temporary table.

This is needed to properly reflect the equalities that involve injected semi-join equalities when materialization strategy is chosen.

See also
eliminate_item_equal() for how these equalities are used to generate correct equality predicates.

The MaterializeScan semi-join strategy requires some additional processing: All primary tables after the materialized temporary table must be inspected for keyuse objects that point to expressions from the subquery tables. These references must be replaced with references to corresponding columns in the materialized temporary table instead. Those primary tables using ref access will thus be made to depend on the materialized temporary table instead of the subquery tables.

Only the injected semi-join equalities need this treatment, other predicates will be handled correctly by the regular item substitution process.

Returns
False if success, true if error

◆ update_ref_and_keys()

static bool update_ref_and_keys ( THD thd,
Key_use_array keyuse,
JOIN_TAB join_tab,
uint  tables,
Item cond,
table_map  normal_tables,
Query_block query_block,
SARGABLE_PARAM **  sargables 
)
static

Update keyuse array with all possible keys we can use to fetch rows.

Parameters
thdsession context
[out]keyusePut here ordered array of Key_use structures
join_tabArray in table number order
tablesNumber of tables in join
condWHERE condition (note that the function analyzes join_tab[i]->join_cond() too)
normal_tablesTables not inner w.r.t some outer join (ones for which we can make ref access based the WHERE clause)
query_blockcurrent SELECT
[out]sargablesArray of found sargable candidates
Returns
false if success, true if error

◆ update_sargable_from_const()

void JOIN::update_sargable_from_const ( SARGABLE_PARAM sargables)
private

Update info on indexes that can be used for search lookups as reading const tables may has added new sargable predicates.

◆ uses_index_fields_only()

bool uses_index_fields_only ( Item item,
TABLE tbl,
uint  keyno,
bool  other_tbls_ok 
)

Check if given expression only uses fields covered by index keyno in the table tbl.

The expression can use any fields in any other tables.

The expression is guaranteed not to be AND or OR - those constructs are handled outside of this function.

Restrict some function types from being pushed down to storage engine: a) Don't push down the triggered conditions with exception for IS_NOT_NULL_COMPL trigger condition since the NULL-complemented rows are added at a later stage in the iterators, so we won't see NULL-complemented rows when evaluating it as an index condition. Nested outer joins execution code may need to evaluate a condition several times (both triggered and untriggered). TODO: Consider cloning the triggered condition and using the copies for:

  1. push the first copy down, to have most restrictive index condition possible.
  2. Put the second copy into tab->m_condition. b) Stored functions contain a statement that might start new operations (like DML statements) from within the storage engine. This does not work against all SEs. c) Subqueries might contain nested subqueries and involve more tables. TODO: ROY: CHECK THIS d) Do not push down internal functions of type DD_INTERNAL_FUNC. When ICP is enabled, pushing internal functions to storage engine for evaluation will open data-dictionary tables. In InnoDB storage engine this will result in situation like recursive latching of same page by the same thread. To avoid such situation, internal functions of type DD_INTERNAL_FUNC are not pushed to storage engine for evaluation.
Parameters
itemExpression to check
tblThe table having the index
keynoThe index number
other_tbls_oktrue <=> Fields of other non-const tables are allowed
Returns
false if No, true if Yes

◆ validate_use_secondary_engine()

bool validate_use_secondary_engine ( const LEX lex)

Validates a query that uses the secondary engine.

No validations are done if query has not been prepared against the secondary engine.

Parameters
lexParse tree descriptor.
Returns
True if error, false otherwise.

◆ warn_index_not_applicable()

static void warn_index_not_applicable ( THD thd,
const Field field,
const Key_map  cant_use_index 
)
static

If EXPLAIN or if the –safe-updates option is enabled, add a warning that an index cannot be used for ref access.

If EXPLAIN or if the –safe-updates option is enabled, add a warning for each index that cannot be used for ref access due to either type conversion or different collations on the field used for comparison

Example type conversion (char compared to int):

CREATE TABLE t1 (url char(1) PRIMARY KEY); SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE url=1;

Example different collations (danish vs german2):

CREATE TABLE t1 (url char(1) PRIMARY KEY) collate latin1_danish_ci; SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE url='1' collate latin1_german2_ci;

Parameters
thdThread for the connection that submitted the query
fieldField used in comparison
cant_use_indexIndexes that cannot be used for lookup

Variable Documentation

◆ antijoin_null_cond

const char* antijoin_null_cond = "<ANTIJOIN-NULL>"