MySQL 8.0.32
Source Code Documentation
ut0ut.h
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26
27/** @file include/ut0ut.h
28 Various utilities
29
30 Created 1/20/1994 Heikki Tuuri
31 ***********************************************************************/
32
33/**************************************************/ /**
34 @page PAGE_INNODB_UTILS Innodb utils
35
36 Useful data structures:
37 - @ref Link_buf - to track concurrent operations
38 - @ref Sharded_rw_lock - sharded rw-lock (very fast s-lock, slow x-lock)
39
40 *******************************************************/
41
42#ifndef ut0ut_h
43#define ut0ut_h
44
45/* Do not include univ.i because univ.i includes this. */
46
47#include <string.h>
48#include <algorithm>
49#include <chrono>
50#include <cmath>
51#include <iomanip>
52#include <iterator>
53#include <ostream>
54#include <sstream>
55#include <type_traits>
56
57#include "db0err.h"
58
59#ifndef UNIV_HOTBACKUP
60#include "os0atomic.h"
61#endif /* !UNIV_HOTBACKUP */
62
63#include <time.h>
64
65#include <ctype.h>
66
67#include <stdarg.h>
68#include "ut/ut.h"
69#include "ut0dbg.h"
70
71#ifndef UNIV_NO_ERR_MSGS
73#include "mysqld_error.h"
74#include "sql/derror.h"
75#endif /* !UNIV_NO_ERR_MSGS */
76
77/** Index name prefix in fast index creation, as a string constant */
78#define TEMP_INDEX_PREFIX_STR "\377"
79
80#ifndef UNIV_HOTBACKUP
81#if defined(HAVE_PAUSE_INSTRUCTION)
82/* According to the gcc info page, asm volatile means that the
83instruction has important side-effects and must not be removed.
84Also asm volatile may trigger a memory barrier (spilling all registers
85to memory). */
86#define UT_RELAX_CPU() __asm__ __volatile__("pause")
87
88#elif defined(HAVE_FAKE_PAUSE_INSTRUCTION)
89#define UT_RELAX_CPU() __asm__ __volatile__("rep; nop")
90#elif defined _WIN32
91/* In the Win32 API, the x86 PAUSE instruction is executed by calling
92the YieldProcessor macro defined in WinNT.h. It is a CPU architecture-
93independent way by using YieldProcessor. */
94#define UT_RELAX_CPU() YieldProcessor()
95#elif defined(__aarch64__)
96/* A "yield" instruction in aarch64 is essentially a nop, and does not cause
97enough delay to help backoff. "isb" is a barrier that, especially inside a
98loop, creates a small delay without consuming ALU resources.
99Experiments shown that adding the isb instruction improves stability and reduces
100result jitter. Adding more delay to the UT_RELAX_CPU than a single isb reduces
101performance. */
102#define UT_RELAX_CPU() __asm__ __volatile__("isb" ::: "memory")
103#else
104#define UT_RELAX_CPU() __asm__ __volatile__("" ::: "memory")
105#endif
106
107#if defined(HAVE_HMT_PRIORITY_INSTRUCTION)
108#define UT_LOW_PRIORITY_CPU() __asm__ __volatile__("or 1,1,1")
109#define UT_RESUME_PRIORITY_CPU() __asm__ __volatile__("or 2,2,2")
110#else
111#define UT_LOW_PRIORITY_CPU() ((void)0)
112#define UT_RESUME_PRIORITY_CPU() ((void)0)
113#endif
114
115#else /* !UNIV_HOTBACKUP */
116#define UT_RELAX_CPU() /* No op */
117#endif /* !UNIV_HOTBACKUP */
118
119#ifndef UNIV_HOTBACKUP
120
121/** Calculate the minimum of two pairs.
122@param[out] min_hi MSB of the minimum pair
123@param[out] min_lo LSB of the minimum pair
124@param[in] a_hi MSB of the first pair
125@param[in] a_lo LSB of the first pair
126@param[in] b_hi MSB of the second pair
127@param[in] b_lo LSB of the second pair */
128static inline void ut_pair_min(ulint *min_hi, ulint *min_lo, ulint a_hi,
129 ulint a_lo, ulint b_hi, ulint b_lo);
130#endif /* !UNIV_HOTBACKUP */
131
132/** Compares two ulints.
133@param[in] a ulint
134@param[in] b ulint
135@return 1 if a > b, 0 if a == b, -1 if a < b */
136static inline int ut_ulint_cmp(ulint a, ulint b);
137
138/** Compare two pairs of integers.
139@param[in] a_h more significant part of first pair
140@param[in] a_l less significant part of first pair
141@param[in] b_h more significant part of second pair
142@param[in] b_l less significant part of second pair
143@return comparison result of (a_h,a_l) and (b_h,b_l)
144@retval -1 if (a_h,a_l) is less than (b_h,b_l)
145@retval 0 if (a_h,a_l) is equal to (b_h,b_l)
146@retval 1 if (a_h,a_l) is greater than (b_h,b_l) */
147[[nodiscard]] static inline int ut_pair_cmp(ulint a_h, ulint a_l, ulint b_h,
148 ulint b_l);
149
150/** Calculates fast the remainder of n/m when m is a power of two.
151 @param n in: numerator
152 @param m in: denominator, must be a power of two
153 @return the remainder of n/m */
154#define ut_2pow_remainder(n, m) ((n) & ((m)-1))
155/** Calculates the biggest multiple of m that is not bigger than n
156 when m is a power of two. In other words, rounds n down to m * k.
157 @param n in: number to round down
158 @param m in: alignment, must be a power of two
159 @return n rounded down to the biggest possible integer multiple of m */
160#define ut_2pow_round(n, m) ((n) & ~((m)-1))
161/** Align a number down to a multiple of a power of two.
162@param n in: number to round down
163@param m in: alignment, must be a power of two
164@return n rounded down to the biggest possible integer multiple of m */
165#define ut_calc_align_down(n, m) ut_2pow_round(n, m)
166/** Calculates the smallest multiple of m that is not smaller than n
167 when m is a power of two. In other words, rounds n up to m * k.
168 @param n in: number to round up
169 @param m in: alignment, must be a power of two
170 @return n rounded up to the smallest possible integer multiple of m */
171#define ut_calc_align(n, m) (((n) + ((m)-1)) & ~((m)-1))
172/** Calculates fast the 2-logarithm of a number, rounded upward to an
173 integer.
174 @return logarithm in the base 2, rounded upward */
175constexpr ulint ut_2_log(ulint n); /*!< in: number */
176
177/** Calculates 2 to power n.
178@param[in] n power of 2
179@return 2 to power n */
180static inline uint32_t ut_2_exp(uint32_t n);
181
182/** Calculates fast the number rounded up to the nearest power of 2.
183@param[in] n number != 0
184@return first power of 2 which is >= n */
186
187/** Determine how many bytes (groups of 8 bits) are needed to
188store the given number of bits.
189@param b in: bits
190@return number of bytes (octets) needed to represent b */
191#define UT_BITS_IN_BYTES(b) (((b) + 7UL) / 8UL)
192
193/** Determines if a number is zero or a power of two.
194@param[in] n number
195@return nonzero if n is zero or a power of two; zero otherwise */
196#define ut_is_2pow(n) UNIV_LIKELY(!((n) & ((n)-1)))
197
198/** Functor that compares two C strings. Can be used as a comparator for
199e.g. std::map that uses char* as keys. */
201 bool operator()(const char *a, const char *b) const {
202 return (strcmp(a, b) < 0);
203 }
204};
205
206namespace ut {
207/** The current value of @@innodb_spin_wait_pause_multiplier. Determines
208how many PAUSE instructions to emit for each requested unit of delay
209when calling `ut_delay(delay)`. The default value of 50 causes `delay*50` PAUSES
210which was equivalent to `delay` microseconds on 100 MHz Pentium + Visual C++.
211Useful on processors which have "non-standard" duration of a single PAUSE
212instruction - one can compensate for longer PAUSES by setting the
213spin_wait_pause_multiplier to a smaller value on such machine */
214extern ulong spin_wait_pause_multiplier;
215} // namespace ut
216
217/** Runs an idle loop on CPU. The argument gives the desired delay
218 in microseconds on 100 MHz Pentium + Visual C++.
219 The actual duration depends on a product of `delay` and the current value of
220 @@innodb_spin_wait_pause_multiplier.
221 @param[in] delay delay in microseconds on 100 MHz Pentium, assuming
222 spin_wait_pause_multiplier is 50 (default).
223 @return dummy value */
224ulint ut_delay(ulint delay);
225
226/* Forward declaration of transaction handle */
227struct trx_t;
228
229/** Get a fixed-length string, quoted as an SQL identifier.
230If the string contains a slash '/', the string will be
231output as two identifiers separated by a period (.),
232as in SQL database_name.identifier.
233 @param [in] trx transaction (NULL=no quotes).
234 @param [in] name table name.
235 @retval String quoted as an SQL identifier.
236*/
237std::string ut_get_name(const trx_t *trx, const char *name);
238
239/** Outputs a fixed-length string, quoted as an SQL identifier.
240 If the string contains a slash '/', the string will be
241 output as two identifiers separated by a period (.),
242 as in SQL database_name.identifier. */
243void ut_print_name(FILE *f, /*!< in: output stream */
244 const trx_t *trx, /*!< in: transaction */
245 const char *name); /*!< in: table name to print */
246
247/** Format a table name, quoted as an SQL identifier.
248If the name contains a slash '/', the result will contain two
249identifiers separated by a period (.), as in SQL
250database_name.table_name.
251@see table_name_t
252@param[in] name table or index name
253@param[out] formatted formatted result, will be NUL-terminated
254@param[in] formatted_size size of the buffer in bytes
255@return pointer to 'formatted' */
256char *ut_format_name(const char *name, char *formatted, ulint formatted_size);
257
258/** Catenate files.
259@param[in] dest Output file
260@param[in] src Input file to be appended to output */
261void ut_copy_file(FILE *dest, FILE *src);
262
263/** Convert byte value to string with unit
264@param[in] data_bytes byte value
265@param[out] data_str formatted string */
266void ut_format_byte_value(uint64_t data_bytes, std::string &data_str);
267
268#ifdef _WIN32
269/** A substitute for vsnprintf(3), formatted output conversion into
270 a limited buffer. Note: this function DOES NOT return the number of
271 characters that would have been printed if the buffer was unlimited because
272 VC's _vsnprintf() returns -1 in this case and we would need to call
273 _vscprintf() in addition to estimate that but we would need another copy
274 of "ap" for that and VC does not provide va_copy(). */
275void ut_vsnprintf(char *str, /*!< out: string */
276 size_t size, /*!< in: str size */
277 const char *fmt, /*!< in: format */
278 va_list ap); /*!< in: format values */
279#else
280/** A wrapper for vsnprintf(3), formatted output conversion into
281 a limited buffer. Note: this function DOES NOT return the number of
282 characters that would have been printed if the buffer was unlimited because
283 VC's _vsnprintf() returns -1 in this case and we would need to call
284 _vscprintf() in addition to estimate that but we would need another copy
285 of "ap" for that and VC does not provide va_copy(). */
286#define ut_vsnprintf(buf, size, fmt, ap) ((void)vsnprintf(buf, size, fmt, ap))
287#endif /* _WIN32 */
288
289/** Convert an error number to a human readable text message. The
290 returned string is static and should not be freed or modified.
291 @return string, describing the error */
292const char *ut_strerr(dberr_t num); /*!< in: error number */
293
294namespace ib {
295
296/** For measuring time elapsed. Since std::chrono::high_resolution_clock
297may be influenced by a change in system time, it might not be steady.
298So we use std::chrono::steady_clock for elapsed time. */
299class Timer {
300 public:
301 using SC = std::chrono::steady_clock;
302
303 public:
304 /** Constructor. Starts/resets the timer to the current time. */
305 Timer() noexcept { reset(); }
306
307 /** Reset the timer to the current time. */
308 void reset() { m_start = SC::now(); }
309
310 /** @return the time elapsed in milliseconds. */
311 template <typename T = std::chrono::milliseconds>
312 int64_t elapsed() const noexcept {
313 return std::chrono::duration_cast<T>(SC::now() - m_start).count();
314 }
315
316 /** Print time elapsed since last reset (in milliseconds) to the stream.
317 @param[in,out] out Stream to write to.
318 @param[in] timer Timer to write to the stream.
319 @return stream instance that was passed in. */
320 template <typename T, typename Traits>
321 friend std::basic_ostream<T, Traits> &operator<<(
322 std::basic_ostream<T, Traits> &out, const Timer &timer) noexcept {
323 return out << timer.elapsed();
324 }
325
326 private:
327 /** High resolution timer instance used for timimg. */
328 SC::time_point m_start;
329};
330
331} // namespace ib
332
333#ifdef UNIV_HOTBACKUP
334/** Sprintfs a timestamp to a buffer with no spaces and with ':' characters
335replaced by '_'.
336@param[in] buf buffer where to sprintf */
337void meb_sprintf_timestamp_without_extra_chars(char *buf);
338#endif /* UNIV_HOTBACKUP */
339
341 uint64_t wait_loops;
342
343 explicit Wait_stats(uint64_t wait_loops = 0) : wait_loops(wait_loops) {}
344
346 wait_loops += rhs.wait_loops;
347 return (*this);
348 }
349
350 Wait_stats operator+(const Wait_stats &rhs) const {
351 return (Wait_stats{wait_loops + rhs.wait_loops});
352 }
353
354 bool any_waits() const { return (wait_loops != 0); }
355};
356
357namespace ib {
358
359/** Allows to monitor an event processing times, allowing to throttle the
360processing to one per THROTTLE_DELAY_SEC. */
362 public:
364
365 /** Checks if the item should be processed or ignored to not process them more
366 frequently than one per THROTTLE_DELAY_SEC. */
367 bool apply() {
368 const auto current_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
369 const auto current_time_in_sec =
370 std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(
371 current_time.time_since_epoch())
372 .count();
373 auto last_apply_time = m_last_applied_time.load();
374 if (last_apply_time + THROTTLE_DELAY_SEC <
375 static_cast<uint64_t>(current_time_in_sec)) {
376 if (m_last_applied_time.compare_exchange_strong(last_apply_time,
377 current_time_in_sec)) {
378 return true;
379 }
380 /* Any race condition with other threads would mean someone just changed
381 the `m_last_apply_time` and will print the message. We don't want
382 to retry the operation again. */
383 }
384 return false;
385 }
386
387 private:
388 /* Time when the last item was not throttled. Stored as number of seconds
389 since epoch. */
390 std::atomic<uint64_t> m_last_applied_time;
391
392 /** Throttle all items within that amount seconds from the last non throttled
393 one. */
394 static constexpr uint64_t THROTTLE_DELAY_SEC = 10;
395};
396} // namespace ib
397
398#include "ut0ut.ic"
399
400#endif /* !ut0ut_h */
Allows to monitor an event processing times, allowing to throttle the processing to one per THROTTLE_...
Definition: ut0ut.h:361
static constexpr uint64_t THROTTLE_DELAY_SEC
Throttle all items within that amount seconds from the last non throttled one.
Definition: ut0ut.h:394
std::atomic< uint64_t > m_last_applied_time
Definition: ut0ut.h:390
Throttler()
Definition: ut0ut.h:363
bool apply()
Checks if the item should be processed or ignored to not process them more frequently than one per TH...
Definition: ut0ut.h:367
For measuring time elapsed.
Definition: ut0ut.h:299
std::chrono::steady_clock SC
Definition: ut0ut.h:301
void reset()
Reset the timer to the current time.
Definition: ut0ut.h:308
SC::time_point m_start
High resolution timer instance used for timimg.
Definition: ut0ut.h:328
int64_t elapsed() const noexcept
Definition: ut0ut.h:312
friend std::basic_ostream< T, Traits > & operator<<(std::basic_ostream< T, Traits > &out, const Timer &timer) noexcept
Print time elapsed since last reset (in milliseconds) to the stream.
Definition: ut0ut.h:321
Timer() noexcept
Constructor.
Definition: ut0ut.h:305
Global error codes for the database.
dberr_t
Definition: db0err.h:38
std::string str(const mysqlrouter::ConfigGenerator::Options::Endpoint &ep)
Definition: config_generator.cc:1063
Definition: buf0block_hint.cc:29
const std::string FILE("FILE")
Definition: ut0core.h:48
This file contains a set of libraries providing overloads for regular dynamic allocation routines whi...
Definition: aligned_alloc.h:47
ulong spin_wait_pause_multiplier
The current value of @innodb_spin_wait_pause_multiplier.
Definition: ut0ut.cc:64
Macros for using atomics.
case opt name
Definition: sslopt-case.h:32
Definition: ut0ut.h:340
Wait_stats & operator+=(const Wait_stats &rhs)
Definition: ut0ut.h:345
Wait_stats(uint64_t wait_loops=0)
Definition: ut0ut.h:343
uint64_t wait_loops
Definition: ut0ut.h:341
Wait_stats operator+(const Wait_stats &rhs) const
Definition: ut0ut.h:350
bool any_waits() const
Definition: ut0ut.h:354
Definition: trx0trx.h:680
Functor that compares two C strings.
Definition: ut0ut.h:200
bool operator()(const char *a, const char *b) const
Definition: ut0ut.h:201
Include file for Sun RPC to compile out of the box.
unsigned long int ulint
Definition: univ.i:407
Debug utilities for Innobase.
void ut_copy_file(FILE *dest, FILE *src)
Catenate files.
Definition: ut0ut.cc:218
static int ut_pair_cmp(ulint a_h, ulint a_l, ulint b_h, ulint b_l)
Compare two pairs of integers.
const char * ut_strerr(dberr_t num)
Convert an error number to a human readable text message.
Definition: ut0ut.cc:289
ulint ut_2_power_up(ulint n)
Calculates fast the number rounded up to the nearest power of 2.
Definition: ut0ut.cc:122
#define ut_vsnprintf(buf, size, fmt, ap)
A wrapper for vsnprintf(3), formatted output conversion into a limited buffer.
Definition: ut0ut.h:286
static uint32_t ut_2_exp(uint32_t n)
Calculates 2 to power n.
char * ut_format_name(const char *name, char *formatted, ulint formatted_size)
Format a table name, quoted as an SQL identifier.
Definition: ut0ut.cc:188
void ut_format_byte_value(uint64_t data_bytes, std::string &data_str)
Convert byte value to string with unit.
Definition: ut0ut.cc:236
static int ut_ulint_cmp(ulint a, ulint b)
Compares two ulints.
std::string ut_get_name(const trx_t *trx, const char *name)
Get a fixed-length string, quoted as an SQL identifier.
Definition: ut0ut.cc:146
constexpr ulint ut_2_log(ulint n)
Calculates fast the 2-logarithm of a number, rounded upward to an integer.
Definition: ut0ut.ic:97
void ut_print_name(FILE *f, const trx_t *trx, const char *name)
Outputs a fixed-length string, quoted as an SQL identifier.
Definition: ut0ut.cc:162
ulint ut_delay(ulint delay)
Runs an idle loop on CPU.
Definition: ut0ut.cc:98
static void ut_pair_min(ulint *min_hi, ulint *min_lo, ulint a_hi, ulint a_lo, ulint b_hi, ulint b_lo)
Calculate the minimum of two pairs.
Various utilities.
Various utilities.
int n
Definition: xcom_base.cc:508