A Windows Installation using the GUI installer would fail with:

MySQL Server 5.1 Setup Wizard ended prematurely

The wizard was interrupted before MySQL Server 5.1. could be completely installed.

Your system has not been modified. To complete installation at another time, please run
setup again.

Click Finish to exit the wizard

This was due to a step in the MSI installer that could fail to execute correctly on some environments. (Bug #45418)

For debug builds, executing a stored procedure as a prepared statement could sometimes cause an assertion failure. (Bug #44521)

Incorrect index optimization could lead to incorrect results or server crashes. (Bug #46454)

The test suite was missing from RPM packages. (Bug #46834)

CREATE TABLE ... SELECT could cause a server crash if no default database was selected. (Bug #45998)

Using mysql_stmt_execute() to call a stored procedure could cause a server crash. (Bug #44495)

SHOW CREATE TRIGGER for a MERGE table trigger caused an assertion failure. (Bug #46614)

A query containing a subquery in the FROM clause and PROCEDURE ANALYSE() caused a server crash. (Bug #46184)

References: See also Bug #48293.

The server could crash for queries with the following elements: 1. An “impossible where” in the outermost SELECT; 2. An aggregate in the outermost SELECT; 3. A correlated subquery with a WHERE clause that includes an outer field reference as a top-level WHERE sargable predicate; (Bug #46749)